33 Son of Yu

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Emperor Qi of the Xia Dynasty was the son of Yu, and his mother was a daughter of the Tushan clan.

The Youhu family was disobiedient, so Qi launched an attack, and there was a fierce battle in Gan. Before the battle started, Qi wrote "Gan's Oath" and summoned up the commanders of the six armies and admonished them. Qi said: "Ah! Soldiers of the Sixth Army, I swear to you: The Youhu clan insulted the five laws of the heaven and despised the affairs of three righteousness in the world, and the Heaven is now cutting off their fate. Now I respectfully carry out the Heaven's punishment. The left charioteer do not complete the mission of the left charioteer, the right do not complete the right, you are not obeying my order. Driving chariot is not the bussiness of the horses, you are not obeying my order. Those who obey the order will be rewarded in the ancestral temple; those who disobey the order will be punished in front of the altar, and the same also goes to your wife and children." The Youhu clan was then successfully destroyed. All the princess in the world came in to Qi's court.

Emperor Qi of Xia Dynasty died, and his son Emperor Taikang succeeded to the throne. Then when Emperor Taikang lost his country, his five younger brothers waited on the bend of Luoshui River and composed "The Song of the Five Sons".

Taikang died and his younger brother Zhongkang succeeded to the throne, and this was Emperor Zhongkang. During the reign of Emperor Zhongkang, the Xi family and the He family, who were in charge of the four seasons of heaven and earth, indulged in wine and sex, neglected their duties, became a disturbance of the time. Yin was ordered to go to conquer them and wrote "Yin’s Conquer" was written.

夏后帝启，禹之子，其母涂山氏之女也。

有扈氏不服，启伐之，大战于甘。将战，作甘誓，乃召六卿申之。启曰：“嗟！六事之人，予誓告女：有扈氏威侮五行，怠弃三正，天用剿绝其命。今予维共行天之罚。左不攻于左，右不攻于右，女不共命。御非其马之政，女不共命。用命，赏于祖；不用命，僇于社，予则帑僇女。”遂灭有扈氏。天下咸朝。

夏后帝启崩，子帝太康立。帝太康失国，昆弟五人，须于洛汭，作五子之歌。

太康崩，弟中康立，是为帝中康。帝中康时，羲、和湎淫，废时乱日。胤往征之，作胤征。

32 Xia Qi

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At this time, Kui, who was in charge of culture and education, began to play music, and the spirits of all the ancestors descended, the princes bowed down to show respect and courtesy to each other, the birds and beasts started to dance gracefully, the music "Xiao Shao" was played nine times and then the ceremony was completed, the phoenix also flew in pairs, all the beasts danced together, and all the officials coordinated in harmony. Emperor Shun therefore sang: "Follow the mandate of the heaven to implement virtuous governance, comply with the seasons and act cautiously." Then he sang again: "The ministers are happy, the monarch is working hard, and the careers of all officials are prosperous!" Gaoyao raised his both hands, bowed down, and spoke loudly and clearly: "Remember this, when taking the lead in doing good things, one must treat laws and regulations with caution and respect!" Then he sang: "The monarch is wise, the ministers are virtuous, and all will be in peace and happiness!" He sang again: "If the king cares only about trivial matters, and the ministers are lazy, then everything is going to be ruined!" Emperor Shun bowed and said, "That's it. Let's work hard!" At this time, everyone in the world regarded the measures and rhythms announced by Yu as their guidelines and respected him as the supreme master of mountains and rivers.

Emperor Shun recommended Yu to the Heaven and made him his successor. Seventeen years later Emperor Shun died. At the end of the three-year mourning period, Yu fled to Yangcheng and gave up his position as emperor to Shun's son Shangjun. All the princes in the world left Shangjun and went to the court with Yu. Yu then ascended to the throne of the emperor and governed the world. His dynasty was named Xia and he was surnamed Si.

After Emperor Yu came to the throne, he recommended Gaoyao to the Heaven and entrusted him with the emperor’s affairs. However, Gaoyao died. Yu granted the lands of Ying, Liu, and Xu to the descendants of Gaoyao. Later, Yu appointed Yi to handle the emperor’s affairs.

In the tenth year of his reign, Emperor Yu went on his hunting cruise in the east and died in Kuaiji. And he left the world to Yi. After the three-year mourning period was over, Yi gave up the throne to Emperor Yu's son Qi (启 ) and took refuge south of Jishan Mountain. Yu's son Qi was virtuous and talented, and everyone in the world hoped that he could be the emperor. When Yu died, although he gave the world to Yi, Yi did not have much time to assist Yu, so that the people of the world were still not convinced. And all the princes in the world left Yi and went to see Qi, saying, "My king is the son of Emperor Yu." So Qi ascended to the throne as the emperor, and this was Emperor Qi of Xia dynasty.

于是夔行乐，祖考至，群后相让，鸟兽翔舞，箫韶九成，凤皇来仪，百兽率舞，百官信谐。帝用此作歌曰：“陟天之命，维时维几。”乃歌曰：“股肱喜哉，元首起哉，百工熙哉！”皋陶拜手稽首扬言曰：“念哉，率为兴事，慎乃宪，敬哉！”乃更为歌曰：“元首明哉，股肱良哉，庶事康哉！”又歌曰：“元首丛脞哉，股肱惰哉，万事堕哉！”帝拜曰：“然，往钦哉！”于是天下皆宗禹之明度数声乐，为山川神主。

帝舜荐禹于天，为嗣。十七年而帝舜崩。三年丧毕，禹辞辟舜之子商均于阳城。天下诸侯皆去商均而朝禹。禹于是遂即天子位，南面朝天下，国号曰夏后，姓姒氏。

帝禹立而举皋陶荐之，且授政焉，而皋陶卒。封皋陶之后于英、六，或在许。而后举益，任之政。

十年，帝禹东巡狩，至于会稽而崩。以天下授益。三年之丧毕，益让帝禹之子启，而辟居箕山之阳。禹子启贤，天下属意焉。及禹崩，虽授益，益之佐禹日浅，天下未洽。故诸侯皆去益而朝启，曰“吾君帝禹之子也”。于是启遂即天子之位，是为夏后帝启。

31 Yu

A2.21|22

Emperor Shun said: "Danzhu is arrogant, don't be like him. He only likes to play for fun. He will take a boat even if there is no water. He holds an orgy party at his own home, that’s what leads to his failure to inherit the throne. I can't let him have his way." Yu said: "I married a girl from Tushan and took her as my wife, and left home four days later. She gave birth to Qi, and I did not go home to see my son, so I was able to successfully control the flood. I assisted in opening up the territory and had it divided into five regions, extending it to five thousand miles away and setting up the governors of twelve states. The reputation of our importance was widespread to places by the four seas, and the leaders of the five princes were appointed, they all had their achievements. And the Sanmiao are stubborn and made no achievements, but my Emperor remembered it!" Emperor Shun said: "Speaking of my name, it counts as your credit.”

From then on, Gao Yao respected Yu's character even more, and he ordered the people to follow Yu as the standard. If anyone disobeyed the orders, he would punish them. As a result, Emperor Shun's name became even more widespread.

帝曰：“毋若丹朱傲，维慢游是好，毋水行舟，朋淫于家，用绝其世。予不能顺是。”禹曰：“予娶涂山，癸甲，生启予不子，以故能成水土功。辅成五服，至于五千里，州十二师，外薄四海，咸建五长，各道有功。苗顽不即功，帝其念哉。”帝曰：“道吾德，乃女功序之也。”

皋陶于是敬禹之德，令民皆则禹。不如言，刑从之。舜德大明。

30 Gaoyao

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Emperor Shun said to Yu, "You can also give me some good suggestions."  Yu bowed down and said, "Ah, what should I say? All I think about every day is how to do my job diligently."  Picking on Yu, Gaoyao asked: "What do you mean to do your job diligently?" Yu said: "The floods were sky-high all over the world, surrounded the mountains and submerged the hills, and the people all over the world were suffering from the floods. I drove chariots while on flat land, rode in boats when on waterways, used wooden sleds when on muddy ground, and wore spiked shoes when climbing the mountains, and cut trees along the mountains to set up road signs. Yi and I delivered rice and other made-ready eats to people. I channeled the nine rivers into the four seas, and dug up ditches in the fields to dredge floods into the major rivers. And also, Ji and I sent emergency food to the people. And whenever and wherever there was a food shortage, we brought it from somewhere there was a surplus, or we had the people relocated. And now, all the people had settled down happily and the world were at peace."  Gao Yao said: "That's it. This is a wonderful achievement."

Yu said: "Yes! My Emperor, so in my position all I can do is to be cautious and cool. And while assisting Your Majesty of virtues, I see people in the world all come to follow. With a clear mind I shall be waiting to be summoned by the Supreme Being, for the mission granted by Heaven with great responsibility till the end. The Emperor said: “Oh, dear! My ministers! My ministers! you are my legs, my arms, my ears and my eyes. If I wish to aid and support the people, you come to help me to do so. If I wish to see the emblematic figures of the ancients — the sun, moon, and stars — which are embroidered on the robes and coloured silks, you make it clear. If I wish to hear the six pitchpipes, the five notes, and the eight musical instruments on the adjustment of which depend good government or misrule, and the consequent rise or decline of the five duties, you distinguish them for me. If I am going to do wrong, you correct me beforehand. You won't flatter me to my face and speak evil of me behind my back. And you are reverent to your four ministers. And about those calumniating minions of officials, as long as my virtue is honestly displayed,  they all are out of the ways.”Yu said: “That's right! Should Your Majesty have not done so, but equally employed the good and the bad, then there won't be much achievement so far.”

帝舜谓禹曰：“女亦昌言。”禹拜曰：“于，予何言！予思日孳孳。”皋陶难禹曰：“何谓孳孳？”禹曰：“鸿水滔天，浩浩怀山襄陵，下民皆服于水。予陆行乘车，水行乘舟，泥行乘橇，山行乘檋，行山栞木。与益予众庶稻鲜食。以决九川致四海，浚畎浍致之川。与稷予众庶难得之食。食少，调有余补不足，徙居。众民乃定，万国为治。”皋陶曰：“然，此而美也。”

禹曰：“于，帝！慎乃在位，安尔止。辅德，天下大应。清意以昭待上帝命，天其重命用休。”帝曰：“吁，臣哉，臣哉！臣作朕股肱耳目。予欲左右有民，女辅之。余欲观古人之象。日月星辰，作文绣服色，女明之。予欲闻六律五声八音，来始滑，以出入五言，女听。予即辟，女匡拂予。女无面谀。退而谤予。敬四辅臣。诸众谗嬖臣，君德诚施，皆清矣。”禹曰：“然。帝即不时，布同善恶则毋功。”

29 Nine Virtues

A2.18

Gaoyao served as the chief judicial officer to govern the people. There was one time when Emperor Shun went to court, Yu, Boyi, and Gaoyao came forward to talk to Emperor Shun. Gaoyao described his ideas and said: "Believe in his morality, seek wisdom, and assist in peace." Yu said: "Well, how?" Gaoyao said: "All right then! Be cautious and be self-disciplined, make plans in long term, and stay connected with your people in an orderly fashion, and have all those smart and capable ones surrounding you as assistants like your wings, then your administration nearby will be able to go far away." Yu bowed down and praised his words, saying, "That's it." Gaoyao added, "Ah! It all depends on knowing your people and making good use of their talents, and also knowing how to comfort the people." Yu said: "Alas! If this is the case, even Emperor Yao will find it difficult. It takes wisdom to know people’s talents and appoint them as officials; it's benevolence to be able to comfort the people so that they will be grateful. If you can do them both, then there would be no need to bother about Huan Dou, no need to exile Sanmiao, and no worries about the ones with eloquent words but with vicious intentions?" Gaoyao said: "Yes, that’s right! People are different and there are nine different kinds of moral characters. While you are listening to the words someone is saying, you also need to look at his moral character." Then he said: "When you start doing something, be generous but serious, be gentle but firm, be determined but cooperative, be imperious but respectful, be persistent and resolute, be straightforward but amiable, be simple and frugal, be decisive and practical, be strong and righteous, to say if all of these nine virtues become the norms of your day, that's great, you will get things done. Each day, if you show three moral qualities, and follow them through diligently from morning to night, you will be named a senior official. If you can show six moral qualities rigorously and respectfully every day and use them to assist the emperor, you can be named a prince. If you accept them all and apply them universally, you can arrange ministries for people with nine kinds of moral character, let people with outstanding talents get official positions, and all officials can be respectful and cautious. And don't allow indulgence and conspiracy, and if the incompetent people get in official positions, it will disturb the destiny of heaven. The Heaven wants to punish those guilty ones and will execute them according to the legal procedures of Five Punishments and Five Uses! Can what I just said be successfully implemented? " Yu said: "Yes, what you said can be successfully implemented." Gaoyao said: "I do not know that much, I am only thinking about how to govern the country!"

皋陶作士以理民。帝舜朝，禹、伯夷、皋陶相与语帝前。皋陶述其谋曰：“信其道德，谋明辅和。”禹曰：“然，如何？”皋陶曰：“于！慎其身脩，思长，敦序九族，众明高翼，近可远在已。”禹拜美言，曰：“然。”皋陶曰：“于！在知人，在安民。”禹曰：“吁！皆若是，惟帝其难之。知人则智，能官人；能安民则惠，黎民怀之。能知能惠，何忧乎驩兜，何迁乎有苗，何畏乎巧言善色佞人？”皋陶曰：“然，于！亦行有九德，亦言其有德。”乃言曰：“始事事，宽而栗，柔而立，愿而共，治而敬，扰而毅，直而温，简而廉，刚而实，强而义，章其有常，吉哉。日宣三德，蚤夜翊明有家。日严振敬六德，亮采有国。翕受普施，九德咸事，俊乂在官，百吏肃谨。毋教邪淫奇谋。非其人居其官，是谓乱天事。天讨有罪，五刑五用哉。吾言厎可行乎？”禹曰：“女言致可绩行。”皋陶曰：“余未有知，思赞道哉。”

28 Nine States

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At that time, Jiuzhou the Nine States were unified, and everyone could live anywhere within the four corners. The mountains of Jiuzhou had roads built through and ready for travel, the rivers of nine states were dredged, and dams were built by the lakes in every state. Tribute from all over came together. All six prefectures were managed properly, the land in each place had been accurately surveyed, and taxes were collected carefully according to the conditions in each place, and they were all levied according to the different grades of the soil. The land and surnames were granted to the princes: "The respect for my virtues comes first, and do not deviate away from my teachings."

It was stipulated that the area five hundred miles outside of the capital was to be taken as Dianfu: those within one hundred miles had to pay the entire crops in bundles with husks and stalks, those within two hundred miles had to pay with crops with grains, those within three hundred miles had to pay grains with the awns removed, those within four hundred miles had to pay millet, and those within five hundred miles had to pay rice. And the area five hundred miles outside of Dianfu was Houfu: the area within one hundred miles was for the officials at His Majesty's services, the area within two hundred miles was for the ministers of the court, and the area of another three hundred miles was for the feudal princes. And the area five hundred miles outside of Houfu was Suifu: those of the first three hundred miles were to be educated and civilized, while those of another two hundred miles out were to be ready to defend the emperor with force. And the area five hundred miles outside of Suifu was Yaofu: those of the first three hundred miles were to follow his majesty's teachings and ready to serve, and the area of another two hundred miles was to follow the law and accept its punishment. And the area five hundred miles outside of Yaofu was Huangfu: the areas within three hundred miles were to be governed according to customs and etiquette of the local barbaric traditions, and the area of another two hundred miles and beyond would be the free zones. 

The land extended to the sea in the east and to the desert in the west. From north to south, the emperor's prestige and teachings were spreading all over the world. So Emperor Shun rewarded Yu with Xuangui, the power symbol made of black jade, and used it to announce the success of flood control to the whole world. From then on, the world was stable and peaceful.

于是九州攸同，四奥既居，九山栞旅，九川涤原，九泽既陂，四海会同。六府甚脩，众土交正，致慎财赋，咸则三壤成赋。中国赐土姓：“祗台德先，不距朕行。”

令天子之国以外五百里甸服：百里赋纳緫，二百里纳铚，三百里纳秸服，四百里粟，五百里米。甸服外五百里侯服：百里采，二百里任国，三百里诸侯。侯服外五百里绥服：三百里揆文教，二百里奋武卫。绥服外五百里要服：三百里夷，二百里蔡。要服外五百里荒服：三百里蛮，二百里流。

东渐于海，西被于流沙，朔、南暨：声教讫于四海。于是帝锡禹玄圭，以告成功于天下。天下于是太平治。

27 Nine Rivers Channeled

A2.14

Nine major rivers Yu channeled. 

1. He channeled the Ruoshui River to the Heli River and then it downstreamed into the desert; 
2. He channeled the Heishui River, the Black Water, through the Sanwei Mountain, the Three Dangers, and finally it went into the South Sea; 
3. He channeled, Huanghe, the Yellow River at Jishi Mountain, the Accumulated Rocks, all the way down to Longmen Mountain, the Dragon Gate, southward to the north of Huashan Mountain, and then eastward it reached Dizhu Mountain, and continued eastward to Mengjin, and kept eastward passing by the mouth of Luoshui River, and went all the way to Dapishan Mountain, and it passed by Jiangshui in the north and reached Daluze the Giant Deer Lake. It was divided into nine tributaries in the north and merged into Nihe River, the river had countercurrent tides from time to time due to the sea tides. Finally, it flowed into the sea; 
4. He diverted the Qingshui River at Bozhongshan Mountain, and it flowed eastward as the Hanshui River, and then it kept flowing eastward as the Canglangshui River. It passed by the Sanshishui River, entered the Dabieshan Mountains, it flowed southward into the Yangtze River, and then flowed eastward into Penglize Lake, and it flowed eastward as Beijiang the North River, and it finally flowed into the sea; 
5. He diverted the Yangtze River in Wenshan Mountain, branched it off to the east as the Tuojiang River, then east to the Lishui River, it passed by Jiujiang, all the way past by Dongling, it curved eastward to the north, and joined the Huaishui River, and flowing east as the Zhongjiang River the Middle River, and it finally entered the sea; 
6. He channeled the Yanshui River and it flowed eastward to become the Jishui River, which flowed into the Yellow River. It overflowed and gathered into Xingboze Lake, and went eastward to the north of Taoqiu Mountain, then eastward to Heze Lake, and then it flowed northeastward to join the Wenshui River. Finally, it flowed northeastward into the sea; 
7. The Huaishui River was channeled from Tongbai Mountain to the east to join the Sishui River and the Yishui River, and finally flowed eastward into the sea; 
8. The Wei River was channeled from the Niaoshu Mountain to the east to join the Feng River, and then it flowed northeast to the Jing River. It flowed eastward through Qishui and Jushui two rivers, and flows into the Yellow River; 
9. The Luoshui River was diverted from Xiong'er Mountain, and flowed northeastward to join Jianshui and Zhangshui, then eastward to join the Yishui River, and it flowed northeastward into the Yellow River.

道九川：弱水至于合黎，余波入于流沙。道黑水，至于三危，入于南海。道河积石，至于龙门，南至华阴，东至砥柱，又东至于盟津，东过雒汭，至于大邳，北过降水，至于大陆，北播为九河，同为逆河，入于海。嶓冢道瀁，东流为汉，又东为苍浪之水，过三澨，入于大别，南入于江，东汇泽为彭蠡，东为北江，入于海。汶山道江，东别为沱，又东至于醴，过九江，至于东陵，东迤北会于汇，东为中江，入于海。道沇水，东为济，入于河，泆为荥，东出陶丘北，又东至于荷，又东北会于汶，又东北入于海。道淮自桐柏，东会于泗、沂，东入于海。道渭自鸟鼠同穴，东会于沣，又东北至于泾，东过漆、沮，入于河。道雒自熊耳，东北会于涧、瀍，又东会于伊，东北入于河。

26 Roads through Nine Mountains

A2.13

Nine mountains Yu built roads through. 

1. From Qianshan Mountain and Qishan Mountain to Jingshan Mountain and across the Yellow River; 
2. From Hukou Mountain and Leishou Mountain to Taiyue Mountain; 
3. From Dizhu Mountain and Xicheng Mountain to Wangwu Mountain; 
4. From Taihang Mountain and Changshan Mountain to Jieshi Mountain. entering the sea; 
5. From Xiqing Mountain, Zhuyu Mountain, Niaoshu Mountain to Taihua Mountain; 
6. From Xiong'er Mountain, Waifang Mountain, Tongbai Mountain to Fuwei Mountain; 
7. From Bozhongshan Mountain to Jingshan Mountain; 
8. From Neifangshan Mountain to Dabieshan Mountain; 
9. From the south of Wenshan Mountain to Hengshan Mountain, crossing Jiujiang River, and reaching Fuqianyuan, the Fuyangshan Mountain.

道九山：汧及岐至于荆山，逾于河；壶口、雷首至于太岳；砥柱、析城至于王屋；太行、常山至于碣石，入于海；西倾、朱圉、鸟鼠至于太华；熊耳、外方、桐柏至于负尾；道嶓冢，至于荆山；内方至于大别；汶山之阳至衡山，过九江，至于敷浅原。

25 Yuzhou, Liangzhou and Yongzhou

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Yuzhou State was between the Jingshan Mountain and the Yellow River. Yishui, Luoshui, Chanshui, and Jianshui all four rivers had been made merging into the Yellow River, and Xingbo had stored water and became a lake. When the water was abundant, the marshlands Heze was channeled and Mingdu had been built with dikes. The earth there was soft soil, and the lower areas had black hard soil. The land was at upper middle, and the taxes were at the mid-top, or better, for some at the upper top. The tributes there were lacquer, silk, fine grasscloth, and ramie cloth. The fine silk wadding was packed in round baskets. And there were tributes of various polished chime stones. A boat on the Luoshui River would arrive at the Yellow River.

Liangzhou State was between the south of Huashan Mountain and the Heishui River. The Wenshan and the Bozhongshan two mountains could be cultivated, Tuoshui and Censhui two rivers had been diverted, Caishan and Mengshan two mountains had been renovated, and the people of Hey I could live in peace and contentment. The soil there was soft and of blue-black color. The fields were at upper bottom, and the taxes were mid-bottom, and upper/lower bottom mixed. The tributes there contained jade, iron, silver, and the hard iron for etching, the rock arrow tip, jade chimes, as well as black bears, brown bears, foxes, raccoons, and fur products. One could come along the Huanshui River down from the Xiqingshan Mountain, take a boat at the Qianshui River, and crossing the Mianshui River, entering the Weishui River, and then finally traversing the Yellow River.

Yongzhou State was between Heishui and Xihe two rivers. The Ruoshui River flowed westward, and the Jingshui River merged into the Weishui River. The Qishui River and the Jushui River merged into the Luoshui River one after another, and the Fengshui River also merged into the Weishui River. The Jingshan and the Qishan two mountains have been managed, as well as the Zhongnan Mountain, the Dunwu Mountain, and the Niaoshu Mountain. It had been completed renovations from low-lying areas westward to the Duye marshlands. The Sanweishan mountain was already made habitable, so the Sanmiao people could have an orderly life. The earth there was yellow soft soil. The fields were at the upper top and the taxes were at the lower middle. The tributes there were Qiu, Lin, and Langga, the very best jade one could ever offer. One could enter the Yellow River at Jishi Mountain and take a boat, arrive at Longmen the Dragon Gate by Xihe, and gather at the merging point with the Weishui River. The Xirong people of Kunlun, Xizhi, and Qusou three mountains paid tribute with fur products and wool textiles and lived in peace and contentment.

荆河惟豫州：伊、雒、瀍、涧既入于河，荥播既都，道荷泽，被明都。其土壤，下土坟垆。田中上，赋杂上中。贡漆、丝、絺、纻，其篚纤絮，锡贡磬错。浮于雒，达于河。

华阳黑水惟梁州：汶、嶓既蓺，沱、涔既道，蔡、蒙旅平，和夷厎绩。其土青骊。田下上，赋下中三错。贡璆、铁、银、镂、砮、磬，熊、罴、狐、貍、织皮。西倾因桓是来，浮于潜，逾于沔，入于渭，乱于河。

黑水西河惟雍州：弱水既西，泾属渭汭。漆、沮既从，沣水所同。荆、岐已旅，终南、敦物至于鸟鼠。原隰厎绩，至于都野。三危既度，三苗大序。其土黄壤。田上上，赋中下。贡璆、琳、琅玕。浮于积石，至于龙门西河，会于渭汭。织皮昆仑、析支、渠搜，西戎即序。

24 Yangzhou and Jingzhou

A2.8-2|9

Yangzhou State was between the Huaishui River and the sea. Pengli has accumulated enough water to become a lake, which became a habitat for migratory birds. With three rivers flowing into it,  Zhenze, the Taihu Lake, had been restored. A bamboo forest had been planted, and the grass was lush, the trees were tall, and the soil there was moist and soft. The fields were at the lower bottom, and the taxes were between the upper bottom and lower middle. The tributes there were three kinds of precious metals, gold, silver, and bronze, as well as Yaokun stones, and various bamboos, ivory, furs, feathers, and oxtails. The island barbarians were paying tribute with raincoats made of grasscloth and kohempcloth, silk fabrics and seashells in round baskets, and oranges and grapefruits, all wrapped up to tribute. The Huaishui and Shishui two rivers were flowing through the Yangtze River into the sea. 

Jingzhou State was between the South of Jingshan and Hengshan mountains. The Han River flows into the Yangtze River and then eventually flows into the sea. As many as nine tributaries in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River had fixed river channels, the Tuoshui River and the Censhui River had been dredged, and Yun and Meng two lakes had been managed. The soil there was moist clay. The fields were classified as mid-bottom, and the taxes were classified as lower top. The tributes there were feathers, oxtails, ivory, furs, three precious metals, four different kinds of fine wood, as well as rough and fine whetstones, rock for arrow-tip, cinnabar ore for red color, and Sichuan bamboo for arrow shaft, and cypress trees, the tributes the three clan nations paid with local specialties, including jingmao deyeuxia wrapped in boxes, black and red silk rope and beads in round baskets, and also giant turtles from the lower reaches of the tributaries. There was transportation by boat on the Yangtze River, Tuoshui River, Censhui River, and Hanshui River, and then passing through Luoshui River and arriving at Nanhe River.

淮海维扬州：彭蠡既都，阳鸟所居。三江既入，震泽致定。竹箭既布。其草惟夭，其木惟乔，其土涂泥。田下下，赋下上上杂。贡金三品，瑶、琨、竹箭，齿、革、羽、旄，岛夷卉服，其篚织贝，其包橘、柚锡贡。均江海，通淮、泗。

荆及衡阳维荆州：江、汉朝宗于海。九江甚中，沱、涔已道，云土、梦为治。其土涂泥。田下中，赋上下。贡羽、旄、齿、革，金三品，杶、榦、栝、柏，砺、砥、砮、丹，维箘簬、楛，三国致贡其名，包匦菁茅，其篚玄纁玑组，九江入赐大龟。浮于江、沱、涔、汉，逾于雒，至于南河。