113 Battle at Mount Yao

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At that time, Duke Wen of Jin had not yet been buried. The Crown Prince Xiang of Jin was furious and said, "Qin State bullied me because I had just lost my father and took advantage of the opportunity to capture Hua of my country." So he dyed his mourning clothes black and led his army to intercept the Qin army at Mount Yao, defeating them severely. Not a single Qin soldier escaped. He captured three Qin generals and led his troops back. Duke Wen of Jin's wife was the daughter of Duke Mu of Qin. She pleaded with Duke Xiang of Jin on behalf of the three Qin generals, saying, "Duke Mu hates these three men to the core. I hope you can release them and let our king execute them personally." The King of Jin agreed and released the three generals of Qin. After the three generals returned to Qin, Duke Mu went to the outskirts of the city in plain clothes to greet them. He cried and said to the three generals, "Because I did not listen to the advice of Baili Wei and Jian Shu, you were insulted. What crime have you committed? Prepare yourselves wholeheartedly for revenge and do not slack off." So the three men's previous official positions were restored and they were treated more favorably. 

In the thirty-fourth year (626 BC), Prince Shangchen of Chu killed his father, King Cheng of Chu, and became the new monarch. 

Duke Mu sent Meng Ming and others to lead an army to attack the State of Jin, and they fought against the Jin army at Pengya. The Qin army was defeated and withdrew. 

当是时，晋文公丧尚未葬。太子襄公怒曰：“秦侮我孤，因丧破我滑。”遂墨衰绖，发兵遮秦兵于殽，击之，大破秦军，无一人得脱者。虏秦三将以归。文公夫人，秦女也，为秦三囚将请曰：“缪公之怨此三人入于骨髓，愿令此三人归，令我君得自快烹之。”晋君许之，归秦三将。三将至，缪公素服郊迎，向三人哭曰：“孤以不用百里傒、蹇叔言以辱三子，三子何罪乎？子其悉心雪耻，毋怠。”遂复三人官秩如故，愈益厚之。

三十四年，楚太子商臣弑其父成王代立。

缪公于是复使孟明视等将兵伐晋，战于彭衙。秦不利，引兵归。

112 Qin’s Expedition to Zheng

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Someone from Zheng betrayed Zheng to Qin, saying, "I am in charge of the city gates of Zheng. You can send troops to attack Zheng." Duke Mu asked Jian Shu and Bai Li Xi for their opinions, and they replied, "It will be difficult to attack Zheng after passing through several countries and marching a thousand miles. Moreover, if someone in Zheng State betrayed Zheng State, how could we be sure that no one in our country would tell Zheng State our intelligence? Therefore, it is not recommended to attack Zheng State." Duke Mu said, "Something you don't know that I have already made my decision." So he mobilized the troops to prepare for the expedition, and let Baili Xi's son Meng Ming, Jian Shu's son Xiqishu and Bai Yibing lead the troops. On the day the army set out, Baili Xi and Jian Shu cried for the soldiers. When Duke Mu heard this, he said angrily, "I sent the troops to fight, but you are crying and destroying the morale of my army. What's the reason for this?" The two old men said: "We dare not undermine the morale of the army. It’s just that the army is about to leave, and our sons will follow them. We are already old, and we are worried that if they come back too late, they won’t be able to see us, so we are crying bitterly.” The two old men withdrew and said to their son: "Your army will be defeated, it must be in the dangerous area of Mount Yao." In the spring of the thirty-third year (627 BC), the Qin army marched eastward, passing through the territory of Jin and the north gate of the Zhou capital. King’s grandson Man of Zhou said: "The Qin army does not follow the rules of propriety. What else can they wait for but failure?" When the Qin army arrived at Hua, Xian Gao, a merchant from Zheng, was preparing to take twelve cows to Zhou to sell. When he saw the Qin army, he was worried that he would be captured and killed by the Qin army, so he offered his cows to the Qin army and said, "I heard that the army of a great country is going to attack Zheng. The king of Zheng is seriously strengthening his defenses and has sent me twelve cows to reward the soldiers." After hearing this, the three generals of Qin discussed and said, "We were planning to launch a surprise attack on Zheng, but now Zheng has already known about it. It is useless for us to attack now." The Qin army then destroyed Hua State, a small state on the border of Jin State. 

郑人有卖郑于秦曰：“我主其城门，郑可袭也。”缪公问蹇叔、百里傒，对曰：“径数国千里而袭人，希有得利者。且人卖郑，庸知我国人不有以我情告郑者乎？不可。”缪公曰：“子不知也，吾已决矣。”遂发兵，使百里傒子孟明视，蹇叔子西乞术及白乙丙将兵。行日，百里傒、蹇叔二人哭之。缪公闻，怒曰：“孤发兵而子沮哭吾军，何也？”二老曰：“臣非敢沮君军。军行，臣子与往；臣老，迟还恐不相见，故哭耳。”二老退，谓其子曰：“汝军即败，必于殽阨矣。”三十三年春，秦兵遂东，更晋地，过周北门。周王孙满曰：“秦师无礼，不败何待！”兵至滑，郑贩卖贾人弦高，持十二牛将卖之周，见秦兵，恐死虏，因献其牛，曰：“闻大国将诛郑，郑君谨修守御备，使臣以牛十二劳军士。”秦三将军相谓曰：“将袭郑，郑今已觉之，往无及已。”灭滑。滑，晋之边邑也。

111 Duke Wen of Jin

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In the eighteenth year (642 BC), Duke Huan of Qi died. In the twentieth year, the State of Qin destroyed the States of Liang and Rui. 

In the twenty-second year, Prince Yu of Jin heard that the King of Jin was ill and said, "Liang was my mother's hometown, but it was destroyed by Qin. I have many brothers. When the King of Jin dies, Qin will definitely detain me, and Jin will immediately appoint another prince as the King. " Prince Yu fled back to the State of Jin. In the 23rd year, Duke Hui of Jin died and Prince Yu became the new king. The Qin State resented Prince Yu's escape, so it welcomed Prince Chong'er of Jin from the Chu State to Qin State and let Prince Yu's wife marry Chong'er. Chong'er refused at first, but later accepted it. So Duke Mu treated Chong'er even more generously. In the spring of the twenty-fourth year, Qin sent someone to tell the ministers of Jin that Qin was preparing to let Chong'er return to Jin. The State of Jin agreed, so Duke Mu sent people to escort Chong'er back to the country. In February, Chong'er was made king of Jin, and this was Duke Wen of Jin. Duke Wen sent someone to kill Zi Yu. Zi Yu was Duke Huai of Jin.

In the autumn of that year, King Xiang of Zhou was attacked by the alliance led by his younger brother with the Di people and he fled to the State of Zheng. In the 25th year, King Xiang of Zhou sent messengers to inform Jin and Qin about the chaos in the Zhou Dynasty. Duke Mu of Qin led his army to assist Duke Wen of Jin in escorting King Xiang of Zhou back to the Zhou and killed the king’s younger brother Dai. In the 28th year, Duke Wen of Jin defeated the Chu army in Chengpu. In the 30th year, Duke Mu assisted Duke Wen of Jin in besieging the State of Zheng. Zheng sent a messenger to tell Duke Mu: "Destroying Zheng and treating Jin with kindness is good for Jin, but may not be good for Qin. If Jin becomes strong, it will be a threat to Qin." Duke Mu then withdrew his troops. Subsequently, the State of Jin also withdrew its troops. In the winter of the thirty-second year (628 BC), Duke Wen of Jin died.

十八年，齐桓公卒。二十年，秦灭梁、芮。

二十二年，晋公子圉闻晋君病，曰：“梁，我母家也，而秦灭之。我兄弟多，即君百岁后，秦必留我，而晋轻，亦更立他子。”子圉乃亡归晋。二十三年，晋惠公卒，子圉立为君。秦怨圉亡去，乃迎晋公子重耳于楚，而妻以故子圉妻。重耳初谢，后乃受。缪公益礼厚遇之。二十四年春，秦使人告晋大臣，欲入重耳。晋许之，于是使人送重耳。二月，重耳立为晋君，是为文公。文公使人杀子圉。子圉是为怀公。

其秋，周襄王弟带以翟伐王，王出居郑。二十五年，周王使人告难于晋、秦。秦缪公将兵助晋文公入襄王，杀王弟带。二十八年，晋文公败楚于城濮。三十年，缪公助晋文公围郑。郑使人言缪公曰：“亡郑厚晋，于晋而得矣，而秦未有利。晋之强，秦之忧也。”缪公乃罢兵归。晋亦罢。三十二年冬，晋文公卒。