35 Jie

A2.32|33

Kongjia died and his son Gao (皋) succeeded to the throne. Emperor Gao died and his son Fa succeeded him. When Emperor Fa died, his son Lugui succeeded him, so there was Jie. When Emperor Jie was in power, since many princes had rebelled against the Xia Dynasty since Kongjia, Jie did not uphold virtue but used force to suppress the princes and harm the hundreds of tribes, which was intolerable to all tribes. Then Jie summoned Tang and imprisoned him in Xiatai, but soon released him. Tang was able to practice virtuous administration, and all the princes in the world surrendered to Tang, so Tang led his troops to attack Xia Jie. Jie fled to Mingtiao and was eventually exiled and died. Jie said to people: "I regret that I didn't kill Tang in Xiatai and ended up like this." So Tang ascended to the throne as the emperor and replaced the Xia Dynasty in control of the world. Tang granted fiefs to the descendants of the Xia Dynasty, and they were sealed in Qi State in the Zhou Dynasty much later.

Taishigong the Grand Historian said: “Yu's surname was Si, and his descendants were enfeoffed and took their fiefdom's name as their surname, therefore, there were families with the surnames of Xiahou, Youhu, Younan, Zhenxun, Tongcheng, Bao, Fei, Qi, Zan, Xin, Ming, and Zou Ge. Confucius corrected the Xia Dynasty calendar, and many scholars spread the teachings of ‘Xia Xiao Zheng’, the guidebook for agriculture at the time. Starting from the Yu and the Xia periods, the tribute system was completed. Some people think that Yu once summoned the princes in the south of the Yangtze River and died while assessing the merits of the princes. Therefore, he was buried there, and people named the place Kuaiji. Phonetically, Kuaiji means accounting.”

孔甲崩，子帝皋立。帝皋崩，子帝发立。帝发崩，子帝履癸立，是为桀。帝桀之时，自孔甲以来而诸侯多畔夏，桀不务德而武伤百姓，百姓弗堪。乃召汤而囚之夏台，已而释之。汤修德，诸侯皆归汤，汤遂率兵以伐夏桀。桀走鸣条，遂放而死。桀谓人曰：“吾悔不遂杀汤于夏台，使至此。”汤乃践天子位，代夏朝天下。汤封夏之后，至周封于杞也。

太史公曰：禹为姒姓，其后分封，用国为姓，故有夏后氏、有扈氏、有男氏、斟寻氏、彤城氏、襃氏、费氏、杞氏、缯氏、辛氏、冥氏、斟戈氏。孔子正夏时，学者多传夏小正云。自虞、夏时，贡赋备矣。或言禹会诸侯江南，计功而崩，因葬焉，命曰会稽。会稽者，会计也。