Monday, April 29, 2024

161 Qin Dynasty Falls

A6.59

Yan Le came back to report to Zhao Gao, who then summoned all the ministers and princes to tell them about the killing of the Second Emperor. Zhao Gao said, "Qin was originally just a kingdom. The First Emperor ruled the world, so he was called the emperor. Now the six kingdoms have re-established themselves as kings, and the territory of Qin is shrinking day by day, but it is just the title of emperor. This is not right. It should be called a king like in the past. This is appropriate." Zhao Gao appointed Prince Ziying, the son of the Second Emperor's elder brother, as the King of Qin. The Second Emperor was buried in Yichun Garden, south of Du County, with the rituals of the common people. Zhao Gao ordered Prince Ziying to fast, go to the ancestral temple to worship his ancestors, and accept the seal of the King of Qin. After fasting for five days, Ziying and his two sons conspired and said, "Prime Minister Zhao Gao killed the Second Emperor in Wangyi Palace. He was worried that the ministers would kill him, so he made me king under the pretext of morality. I heard that Zhao Gao had made an agreement with the State of Chu to establish himself as king in Guanzhong after destroying the Qin royal family. Now he asked me to fast and offer sacrifices to the ancestors, which is to take the opportunity to kill me in the ancestral temple. I will not go on the pretext of being sick. The prime minister will definitely come here in person, and we will kill him when he comes." Zhao Gao sent people to invite Ziying several times, but Ziying did not go. As expected, Zhao Gao came in person and said, "Ancestral temple sacrifices are important matters. How can the king not go?" Ziying assassinated Zhao Gao in the fasting palace, and then exterminated Zhao Gao's three clans in Xianyang for public display. Ziying was the King of Qin for forty-six days. The Chu general Pei Gong defeated the Qin army and entered Wuguan, so he stationed in Bashang and sent people to negotiate with Ziying to surrender. Ziying tied a silk rope around his neck, rode a white horse and plain carriage, held the emperor's seal and imperial seal, and surrendered on the roadside by the Zhi Dao Pavilion. Pei Gong then entered Xianyang, closed the palace and treasury, and returned to Bashang to station. More than a month later, the armies of the princes arrived. Xiang Ji was the leader of the princes' coalition army and killed Ziying and all the clans of the princes of Qin. In the end, he slaughtered the city of Xianyang, burned the palace, captured local young women, looted the treasures in the palace, and divided them among the princes. After the fall of Qin, its territory was divided into three parts and given to the King of Yong, the King of Sai, and the King of Di, known as the Three Qins. Xiang Yu was the Overlord of Western Chu, in charge of dividing the world and establishing princes, and the Qin Dynasty finally fell. Five years later, the Han Dynasty unified the world.

阎乐归报赵高,赵高乃悉召诸大臣公子,告以诛二世之状。曰:“秦故王国,始皇君天下,故称帝。今六国复自立,秦地益小,乃以空名为帝,不可。宜为王如故,便。”立二世之兄子公子婴为秦王。以黔首葬二世杜南宜春苑中。令子婴斋,当庙见,受王玺。斋五日,子婴与其子二人谋曰:“丞相高杀二世望夷宫,恐群臣诛之,乃详以义立我。我闻赵高乃与楚约,灭秦宗室而王关中。今使我斋见庙,此欲因庙中杀我。我称病不行,丞相必自来,来则杀之。”高使人请子婴数辈,子婴不行,高果自往,曰:“宗庙重事,王柰何不行?”子婴遂刺杀高于斋宫,三族高家以徇咸阳。子婴为秦王四十六日,楚将沛公破秦军入武关,遂至霸上,使人约降子婴。子婴即系颈以组,白马素车,奉天子玺符,降轵道旁。沛公遂入咸阳,封宫室府库,还军霸上。居月余,诸侯兵至,项籍为从长,杀子婴及秦诸公子宗族。遂屠咸阳,烧其宫室,虏其子女,收其珍宝货财,诸侯共分之。灭秦之后,各分其地为三,名曰雍王、塞王、翟王,号曰三秦。项羽为西楚霸王,主命分天下王诸侯,秦竟灭矣。后五年,天下定于汉。

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