The King of Han was ready to withdraw to the West, but Zhang Liang and Chen Ping advised him: "Han occupies most of the world, and all the princes have submitted to us. The soldiers of Chu are exhausted and have run out of food. This is the time for Heaven to destroy Chu. It is better to seize this opportunity and destroy Chu. Letting the enemy go now without attacking is what people call "raising a tiger to cause trouble." The King of Han followed their advice. In the fifth year of the Han Dynasty (202 BCE), the King of Han pursued the King of Xiang to the south of Yangxia, stopped his advance, and agreed on a date with Han Xin, Marquis of Huaiyin, and Peng Yue, Marquis of Jiancheng, to attack the Chu army together. But when they arrived at Guling, the armies of Han Xin and Peng Yue did not join them. The Chu army attacked the Han army and the Han army was defeated. The King of Han fled back to the camp and dug deep trenches to defend himself. The King of Han said to Zhang Liang, "What should we do if the princes do not abide by the covenant?" Zhang Liang replied, "The Chu army is about to be defeated, and Han Xin and Peng Yue have not yet been granted land. It is normal for them not to arrive. If you could share the world with them, you could have them over right now. If not, the situation is difficult to know. If you can grant Han Xin all the territory from Chen County to the east to the sea, and grant Peng Yue all the territory from Suiyang to Gucheng in the north, and let them lead their respective armies to fight, then you can easily defeat the Chu army. " The King of Han said, "Okay." So he sent messengers to inform Han Xin and Peng Yue, "Join forces to attack the Chu army. After the Chu army is defeated, the land from Chen County east to the sea will be granted to the King of Qi and the land from Suiyang north to Gucheng will be granted to Prime Minister Peng." When the envoy arrived, Han Xin and Peng Yue reported: "Please let us advance immediately." Han Xin then set out from Qi, and Liu Jia's army set out from Shouchun and marched with him, slaughtering Chengfu and marching to Gaixia. Grand Marshal Zhou Yin rebelled against the State of Chu, led the soldiers of Shu to slaughter Liuxian, mobilized the soldiers of Jiujiang, joined Liu Jia and Peng Yue at Gaixia, and came to the front of King Xiang.
King Xiang's army built a camp at Gaixia, with few soldiers and no food, and was surrounded by layers and layers of the Han army and the armies of the princes. At night, King Xiang heard the Han army around him singing songs of Chu, and he was very surprised and said: "Has the Han army occupied the entire State of Chu? Why are there so many Chu people?" King Xiang got up at night and went to the tent to drink. King Xiang had a favorite beauty named Yu Ji, who often by his side, and he had a fine horse named Zhui he often rode. So King Xiang sang a sad song in anger, and composed a poem himself: "I am a hero who can pull up mountains, but it’s an unfortunate time even my Zhui can't reach. If Zhui can't reach, what should I do? Yu Ji, Yu Ji, what should I do!" After singing a few paragraphs, Yu Ji responded. King Xiang shed several tears, and all the attendants around him shed tears. No one could raise their heads.
汉欲西归，张良、陈平说曰：“汉有天下太半，而诸侯皆附之。楚兵罢食尽，此天亡楚之时也，不如因其机而遂取之。今释弗击，此所谓‘养虎自遗患’也。”汉王听之。汉五年，汉王乃追项王至阳夏南，止军，与淮阴侯韩信、建成侯彭越期会而击楚军。至固陵，而信、越之兵不会。楚击汉军，大破之。汉王复入壁，深堑而自守。谓张子房曰：“诸侯不从约，为之柰何？”对曰：“楚兵且破，信、越未有分地，其不至固宜。君王能与共分天下，今可立致也。即不能，事未可知也。君王能自陈以东傅海，尽与韩信；睢阳以北至谷城，以与彭越：使各自为战，则楚易败也。”汉王曰：“善。”于是乃发使者告韩信、彭越曰：“并力击楚。楚破，自陈以东傅海与齐王，睢阳以北至谷城与彭相国。”使者至，韩信、彭越皆报曰：“请今进兵。”韩信乃从齐往，刘贾军从寿春并行，屠城父，至垓下。大司马周殷叛楚，以舒屠六，举九江兵，随刘贾、彭越皆会垓下，诣项王。
项王军壁垓下，兵少食尽，汉军及诸侯兵围之数重。夜闻汉军四面皆楚歌，项王乃大惊曰：“汉皆已得楚乎？是何楚人之多也！”项王则夜起，饮帐中。有美人名虞，常幸从；骏马名骓，常骑之。于是项王乃悲歌慷慨，自为诗曰：“力拔山兮气盖世，时不利兮骓不逝。骓不逝兮可柰何，虞兮虞兮柰若何！”歌数阕，美人和之。项王泣数行下，左右皆泣，莫能仰视。
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