74 King Mu and Jigong Moufu

A4.26

When King Mu was about to conquer Quanrong, Duke Jigong Moufu advised him against it, saying, "Don't do that. What the ancient kings displayed was the manifest of virtues not the exhibit of brutal forces. The army should lie low and only go out when necessary. When it goes out, it must show its power. Showing off military force would be a blasphemy against the army, which has absolutely no power of deterrence on the enemy. Therefore, the eulogy of Duke Wen of Zhou says: ‘I have put away my weapons, I have laid aside my bows and arrows, I want to seek virtue, and have it spread around throughout the time, so the kingdom will be forever preserved.’ The ancient kings treated their people by fostering their virtues and enriching their natures, by enriching their wealth and making their tools useful. They made it clear that where the benefits and harms were and cultivated them with culture, so that they would pursue benefits and avoid harm, cherish virtue and respect power. Thus they were able to preserve the country and make it prosperous. In the past, our ancestors served as Hou Ji for generations to serve Yu Shun and Xia Yu. When the Xia Dynasty declined, and the post of Hou Ji was abandoned, and agriculture was no longer valued. Our ancestor Buzhu lost his official position and fled to the Rongdi area. He did not dare to slack off in agriculture, often promoted the virtues of Hou Ji, followed and inherited his cause, practiced his teachings and laws, was respectful and diligent from morning till night, and always followed his principles with a loyal and honest attitude. The virtues of the past generations should not be disgraced. During the reigns of King Wen and King Wu, they carried forward the brightness of the past virtues with additional peace and kindness, worshipped the gods and protected the people, and no one in the world was not happy. King of Shang the emperor Xin Zhou the Tyrant committed heinous crimes against his people. The people could not bear it anymore but happily supported King Wu. So there was an war in Muye, a suburb of Shang. Therefore, the ancient kings did not advocate the use of force, but diligently sympathized with the sufferings of the people and eliminated harm for them. According to the system of the ancient kings, the area within the state capital was called Dianfu, the area outside the state capital was called Houfu, the area guarded by the princes was called Binfu or Suifu, the area where the barbarians lived was called Yaofu, and the area where the Rongdi people lived was called Huangfu. Those princes as Dianfu had to offer sacrifices to the emperor's father and ancestors, those as Houfu had to offer sacrifices to the emperor's great-grandfather and great-great-grandfather, those as Binfu had to offer sacrifices to the emperor's distant ancestors, those as Yaofu had to offer tribute regularly, and those as Huangfu had to come to pay homage to the emperor. There were daily sacrifices by Dianfu princes, monthly sacrifices by Houfu, seasonal offerings by Binfu, annual tributes by Yaofu, and the Huangfu being an audience with the king once in a lifetime. According to the teachings of the ancient kings, the Dianfu princes should reflect on their thoughts if they do not offer sacrifices, the Houfu princes should reflect on their words if they do not offer sacrifices, the Binfu princes should revise their system if they do not offer sacrifices, the Yaofu princes should have their status corrected if they do not offer sacrifices, the Huangfu princes should reflect on their virtues if they do not to come to the emperor for audience, and if all of these are done but the princes still fail to fulfill their duties, they should be punished. Then the royal family can punish the princes in the Dianfu who do not offer sacrifices, attack the princes in the Houfu who do not offer sacrifices, conquer the princes in the Binfu who do not offer sacrifices, rebuke the princes in the Yaofu who do not offer tribute, and warn the princes in the Huangfu who do not pay homage to the king. Hence there are regulations about punishments, there are armies for attacking, there are weapons for conquering, there are commands for reprimanding, and there are vocabulary for proclamations. If issuing written orders still fails to make the princes perform their duties, we must further reflect on our moral conduct and not wear the people out on expeditions. Therefore, there was not a single neighboring prince who did not obey, and not a single one in the distance who did not submit. Now, since the death of Dabi and Boshi, the Quanrong clan has fulfilled their duty and come to the King for the audience, the Son of Heaven said, ‘I must conquer them for not offering sacrifices, and show off my military strength to them.’ Isn't this abandoning the teachings of the previous kings? Isn't the King about to get into trouble? I heard that the Quanrong clan advocates a culture of honesty and follows the virtues of their predecessors. If they can persist in this way, they will have enough power to resist us. " In the end, King Mu still sent the conquering troops, and only captured four white wolves and four white deer. From then on, the barbaric tribes stopped coming to pay homage to the emperor.

穆王将征犬戎，祭公谋父谏曰：“不可。先王耀德不观兵。夫兵戢而时动，动则威，观则玩，玩则无震。是故周文公之颂曰：‘载戢干戈，载櫜弓矢，我求懿德，肆于时夏，允王保之。’先王之于民也，茂正其德而厚其性，阜其财求而利其器用，明利害之乡，以文修之，使之务利而辟害，怀德而畏威，故能保世以滋大。昔我先王世后稷以服事虞、夏。及夏之衰也，弃稷不务，我先王不窋用失其官，而自窜于戎狄之闲。不敢怠业，时序其德，遵修其绪，修其训典，朝夕恪勤，守以敦笃，奉以忠信。奕世载德，不忝前人。至于文王、武王，昭前之光明而加之以慈和，事神保民，无不欣喜。商王帝辛大恶于民，庶民不忍，欣载武王，以致戎于商牧。是故先王非务武也，劝恤民隐而除其害也。夫先王之制，邦内甸服，邦外侯服，侯卫宾服，夷蛮要服，戎翟荒服。甸服者祭，侯服者祀，宾服者享，要服者贡，荒服者王。日祭，月祀，时享，岁贡，终王。先王之顺祀也，有不祭则修意，有不祀则修言，有不享则修文，有不贡则修名，有不王则修德，序成而有不至则修刑。于是有刑不祭，伐不祀，征不享，让不贡，告不王。于是有刑罚之辟，有攻伐之兵，有征讨之备，有威让之命，有文告之辞。布令陈辞而有不至，则增修于德，无勤民于远。是以近无不听，远无不服。今自大毕、伯士之终也，犬戎氏以其职来王，天子曰‘予必以不享征之，且观之兵’，无乃废先王之训，而王几顿乎？吾闻犬戎树敦，率旧德而守终纯固，其有以御我矣。”王遂征之，得四白狼四白鹿以归。自是荒服者不至。

73 King Kang

A4.24|25

Before King Cheng died, he was worried that his Crown Prince Zhao would not be able to do the job, so he ordered Duke Zhao and Duke Bi to lead the princes to assist the Crown Prince in governing the country. After King Cheng died, the two dukes led the princes and took Crown Prince Zhao to visit the ancestral temple of the previous king, and kept telling him how difficult it was for King Wen and King Wu to establish their foundations, asking him to be frugal, not to have too many desires, and to govern the world with sincerity and honesty, and "Guardian" was written. Prince Zhao then ascended the throne, and this was King Kang. After King Kang ascended the throne, he notified the princes of the world and constantly admonished them with the achievements of King Wen and King Wu, and wrote "Kang’s Edict". Therefore, during the reigns of King Cheng and King Kang, the world was stable and peaceful, and no punishment was used for more than 40 years. King Kang issued a written edict to Duke Bi, ordering him to divide and rule the remnants of Yin people and stabilize the suburbs of the Zhou capital, and so "Bi’s Edict" was written.

After King Kang died, his son King Zhao Xia ascended to the throne. During King Zhao's reign, the way of king was slightly weakened. King Zhao went on a hunting trip to the south and never returned, and died on the river. There was no report on his death, which was a taboo. King Zhao's son, Prince Man, was enthroned as King Mu. When King Mu ascended the throne, he was already fifty years old. The way of king was weakened, and King Mu felt that it was weakened in the way of both civil and military affairs, so he ordered Bo Yu to admonish Taipu the royal servant about state affairs, so “The Order of Yu” was written. And the Peace was restored.

成王将崩，惧太子钊之不任，乃命召公、毕公率诸侯以相太子而立之。成王既崩，二公率诸侯，以太子钊见于先王庙，申告以文王、武王之所以为王业之不易，务在节俭，毋多欲，以笃信临之，作《顾命》。太子钊遂立，是为康王。康王即位，遍告诸侯，宣告以文武之业以申之，作《康诰》。故成康之际，天下安宁，刑错四十余年不用。康王命作策毕公分居里，成周郊，作《毕命》。

康王卒，子昭王瑕立。昭王之时，王道微缺。昭王南巡狩不返，卒于江上。其卒不赴告，讳之也。立昭王子满，是为穆王。穆王即位，春秋已五十矣。王道衰微，穆王闵文武之道缺，乃命伯臩申诫太仆国之政，作《臩命》。复宁。

72 King Cheng

A4.23

King Cheng lived in the city of Feng and ordered Duke Zhao to rebuild the city of Luo in order to comply with King Wu's last wish. Duke Zhou also held a divination and surveyed the terrain, and finally built a city and placed the Nine Tripod Cauldrons there. He said: "This is the center of the world, and it has an equal distance from each direction to come here to pay tribute." He so wrote "Zhao’s Edict" and "Luo Edict". After King Cheng moved the remnants of Yin people there, Duke Zhou told them King Cheng's orders and wrote "Many Consultants" and "No Hermit". Duke Zhao served as the Grand Protector and Duke Zhou as the Grand Tutor. They conquered the Yi people by the Huaishui River in the east, destroyed the Yan State, and moved the lord of the Yan State to Bogu. After King Cheng returned from the Yan State, he was in Zhou and wrote "Various Princes". After Zhou has ended Yin, conquered the Yi people of Huaishui River, King Cheng returned to the city of Feng and wrote "Zhou’s Administrative". The rituals and music were formulated and promoted, and the laws and systems were modified. The people were friendly and peaceful, and there were praises all over. After King Cheng conquered the Yi people of the east, Xishen came to express their congratulations. And at King Cheng’s order, Rongbo, one of the ministers, wrote "The Fortune Given to Xishen".

成王在丰，使召公复营洛邑，如武王之意。周公复卜申视，卒营筑，居九鼎焉。曰：“此天下之中，四方入贡道里均。”作召诰、洛诰。成王既迁殷遗民，周公以王命告，作多士、无佚。召公为保，周公为师，东伐淮夷，残奄，迁其君薄姑。成王自奄归，在宗周，作多方。既绌殷命，袭淮夷，归在丰，作周官。兴正礼乐，度制于是改，而民和睦，颂声兴。成王既伐东夷，息慎来贺，王赐荣伯作贿息慎之命。

71 South and North

A4.22

At the beginning of Zhou as the ruler of the world, King Cheng was young, Duke Zhou was afraid that the princes would rebel against Zhou Dynasty, so he took over the state affairs of the country. Uncle Guan, Uncle Cai, and other younger brothers, together they suspected Duke Zhou and rebelled with Wu Geng against Zhou Dynasty. Duke Zhou followed the order from King Cheng, and attacked and killed Wu Geng and Uncle Guan, and exiled Uncle Cai. Weizi Qi was made the official decedent of Yin as the replacement and established a fiefdom in Song. Duke Zhou also gathered many of Yin's survivors and had King Wu's youngest brother enfeoffed as Uncle Kang of Wei. Uncle Tang of Jin obtained the auspicious wheat with double ears, and presented it to King Cheng, who in turn sent it to Duke Zhou, who was stationed with his troops. Duke Zhou received the two ears wheat in the east and praised the destiny of King Cheng as the son of Heaven. At first, Uncle Guan and Uncle Cai rebelled against Zhou Dynasty, and Duke Zhou put up a fight against them. After three years, he finally put down the rebellion. Therefore, he first wrote "Great Edict", and then "Destiny of Weizhi", and later "Gift Wheat" and "Auspicious Wheat", and later "Kang Edict ", "Wine Edict" and "Fine Material". And all these related were recorded in the article written by Duke Zhou. After Duke Zhou had been in charge of state affairs for seven years, King Cheng finally grew up. So Duke Zhou gave the power back to King Cheng and returned to the ranks of ministers facing North again.

成王少，周初定天下，周公恐诸侯畔周，公乃摄行政当国。管叔、蔡叔群弟疑周公，与武庚作乱，畔周。周公奉成王命，伐诛武庚、管叔，放蔡叔。以微子开代殷后，国于宋。颇收殷余民，以封武王少弟封为卫康叔。晋唐叔得嘉谷，献之成王，成王以归周公于兵所。周公受禾东土，鲁天子之命。初，管、蔡畔周，周公讨之，三年而毕定，故初作大诰，次作微子之命，次归禾，次嘉禾，次康诰、酒诰、梓材，其事在周公之篇。周公行政七年，成王长，周公反政成王，北面就群臣之位。

70 The Way of Heaven

A4.20|21

After King Wu conquered Yin, two years later, he asked Jizi why the Yin Dynasty had fallen. Jizi could not bear to speak ill of Yin, so he only talked about how the survival and the destruction of a country would like. King Wu felt the shame, so he asked about the Way of Heaven.

King Cheng became ill, the whole country has not come altogether yet, and the princes and ministers were all afraid. So they held a divination with reverence, and Duke Zhou then performed purification and fasting, and made himself a hostage in place of King Wu. King Wu recovered, but died later, then the Crown Prince Song succeeded him, and became King Cheng.

武王已克殷，后二年，问箕子殷所以亡。箕子不忍言殷恶，以存亡国宜告。武王亦丑，故问以天道。

武王病。天下未集，群公惧，穆卜，周公乃祓斋，自为质，欲代武王，武王有瘳。后而崩，太子诵代立，是为成王。

69 Horses Grazing by the South of Mountain

A4.19

King Wu summoned the rulers of the nine states, and climbed the hill of Bin to overlook at the city of Shang. When King Wu arrived at Zhou, he could not sleep at night. Duke Zhou Dan came to where the King Wu stayed at and asked, "Why can't you sleep?" The King Wu said, "I tell you, Heaven did not favor the Yin Dynasty. Ever since I was born sixty years ago, the wild deers had been grazing and wild geese had been flying all over the fields. If it wasn't that Heaven has not favored Yin, all my accomplishment wouldn't be done as of today. Heaven has established the Yin Dynasty and enlisted 360 talented people. Though they didn't not make much achievements, but they kept Yin to this day. And I have not yet secured the protection of Heaven, so how could I have time to sleep!" King Wu continued, "To secure the protection of Heaven, one must follow the will of Heaven and sort the evils out and demolish them all, just like what happened to King Zhou the Tyrant of Yin. I have to work hard day and night to ensure the peace and stability of my western land. And all kinds of things have to be done until our morality can be manifested everywhere. From the bend of Luoshui River to the bend of Yishui River, the terrains fit to be settled down and no sweat, and this is where the Xia people used to live. I looked southwards and saw the Sandu Mountains. To the north, I saw the Taihang Mountains. Looking back, I saw the Yellow River. I also observed the Luoshui River and the Yishui River. They were all not far from the Heaven.” So he ordered to build Zhou in Luoyi, and then left. He also ordered the war horses to be released to the south of Huashan Mountain, and the cattle used to pull carriages to be released to the area of Peach Trees. He also ordered the weapons to be put away, reorganize the troops and implement the demilitarization, to show the world that arms will be no longer used.

武王徵九牧之君，登豳之阜，以望商邑。武王至于周，自夜不寐。周公旦即王所，曰：“曷为不寐？”王曰：“告女：维天不飨殷，自发未生于今六十年，麋鹿在牧，蜚鸿满野。天不享殷，乃今有成。维天建殷，其登名民三百六十夫，不显亦不宾灭，以至今。我未定天保，何暇寐！”王曰：“定天保，依天室，悉求夫恶，贬从殷王受。日夜劳来定我西土，我维显服，及德方明。自洛汭延于伊汭，居易毋固，其有夏之居。我南望三途，北望岳鄙，顾詹有河，粤詹雒、伊，毋远天室。”营周居于雒邑而后去。纵马于华山之阳，放牛于桃林之虚；偃干戈，振兵释旅：示天下不复用也。

68 the Enfeoffed and the Conferred

A4.18

The remaining peoples of Zhou the Tyrant were enfeoffed to his son Lufu. Considering the world had not settled down, peace and stability needed some more work, King Wu sent his two younger brothers, Uncle Guan Xian and Uncle Cai Du, to assist Lufu in the governance of Shang. Then King Wu ordered Duke Zhao to release Jizi from prison. He ordered Duke Bi to release the other imprisoned from the prison, and honored Shang Rong at the door of his house. King Wu ordered Nangong Kuo to distribute the treasures gathered in Lutai and the grains in Juqiao to the poor people who needed help. King Wu ordered Nangong Kuo and Shi Yi to move the nine tripods and precious jades of the Shang. He ordered Hongyao to build and seal the tomb of Bigan. He ordered Zongzhu to offer sacrifices to the souls of the fallen soldiers in the army. Then King Wu withdrew his troops and returned to the west. King Wu inspected the territories of various princes, recorded their governance, and wrote "Military Mission Accomplished". He enfeoffed the princes, bestowed ancestral artifacts upon them, and wrote “The Distribution of Yin’s Artifacts”. King Wu, in memory of the previous sage kings, conferred titles on the descendants of Shennong in Jiao, the descendants of Huangdi in Zhu, the descendants of Emperor Yao in Ji, the descendants of Emperor Shun in Chen, and the descendants of Yu in Qi. He then conferred titles on the meritorious officials and counselors, with Tutor Shangfu as the first. He conferred the title on Shangfu in Yingqiu, which was called Qi. He conferred the title on his younger brother Duke Zhou Dan in Qufu, which was called Lu. He conferred the title on Duke Zhao Shi in Yan. He conferred the title on his younger brother Uncle Xian in Guan, and on his younger brother Uncle Du in Cai. And the rest were conferred titles in order.

封商纣子禄父殷之余民。武王为殷初定未集，乃使其弟管叔鲜、蔡叔度相禄父治殷。已而命召公释箕子之囚。命毕公释百姓之囚，表商容之闾。命南宫括散鹿台之财，发钜桥之粟，以振贫弱萌隶。命南宫括、史佚展九鼎保玉。命闳夭封比干之墓。命宗祝享祠于军。乃罢兵西归。行狩，记政事，作武成。封诸侯，班赐宗彝，作分殷之器物。武王追思先圣王，乃襃封神农之后于焦，黄帝之后于祝，帝尧之后于蓟，帝舜之后于陈，大禹之后于杞。于是封功臣谋士，而师尚父为首封。封尚父于营丘，曰齐。封弟周公旦于曲阜，曰鲁。封召公奭于燕。封弟叔鲜于管，弟叔度于蔡。余各以次受封。

67 A Great Mandate

A4.17

On the next day, the roads were cleared, and the altar and the palace of Zhou the Tyrant of Shang were fixed. When the time came, hundreds of men held banners and led the way. Uncle Zhenduo, King Wu's younger brother, served the carriage for the ceremony, Duke Zhou Dan held the big axe, and Duke Bi held the small axe, flanking King Wu. San Yisheng, Tai Dian, and Hong Yao all held swords as King Wu's guards. After entering, King Wu stood to the left of the big arrays of soldiers in the south end of the altar, with the ministers following him to the right. Uncle Mao solemnly serviced moonlit water, Uncle Kang of Wei laid down the grass mat, Duke Zhao Shi held the colored silk, and Grand Tutor Shangfu led the sacrificing cattle. One of the ministers Yinyi read the sacrifice scripture: "Zhou the Tyrant, the last successor of Yin, destroyed the bright virtues of the previous kings, insulted the gods and did not worship them, and was tyrannical and cruel to the people of Shang, and his deeds were clearly known to the God of Heaven." Then King Wu bowed again and said, "I have received a great mandate to overthrow Yin and a bright future is commissioned by the Heaven." King Wu bowed again and made his leave.

其明日，除道，脩社及商纣宫。及期，百夫荷罕旗以先驱。武王弟叔振铎奉陈常车，周公旦把大钺，毕公把小钺，以夹武王。散宜生、太颠、闳夭皆执剑以卫武王。既入，立于社南大卒之左，右毕从。毛叔郑奉明水，卫康叔封布兹，召公奭赞采，师尚父牵牲。尹佚筴祝曰：“殷之末孙季纣，殄废先王明德，侮蔑神祇不祀，昏暴商邑百姓，其章显闻于天皇上帝。”于是武王再拜稽首，曰：“膺更大命，革殷，受天明命。”武王又再拜稽首，乃出。

66 The Death of Zhou the Tyrant

A4.16

When Emperor Zhou the Tyrant heard that King Wu was coming, he too sent out 700,000 troops to meet up. King Wu sent his teacher Shangfu and a hundred men to lead the army, and sent a large number of soldiers to rush to Emperor Zhou the Tyrant's army. Although the army of Zhou the Tyrant was large, but none of them had the heart to fight, and they all wanted Wuwang to rush in. All of the Tyrant's soldiers turned their weapons around and attacked the Tyrant instead, clearing the way for King Wu's army. King Wu marched forward in a great gallop, and the Tyrant's army was immediately defeated and rebelled on spot. The Tyrant run back to the top of the Deer Tower, covered himself with pearls and jade, and set himself on fire and died. King Wu held a large white flag to command the princes, and the princes all bowed to King Wu. Then King Wu bowed to the princes, and the princes all bowed to the King Wu in return. King Wu arrived at the Shang State, and the people of Shang were waiting in the suburbs. So King Wu sent his ministers to tell the people of Shang: "May Heaven give us peace!" The Shang people all bowed and bowed again, and King Wu also bowed in return. Then he went in and got to the place where Zhou the Tyrant died. King Wu shot arrows at the Tyrant by himself, and after three shootings, he got off the chariot and hit the Tyrant with a sword lightly, and then cut off his head with a yellow axe, and hung it on a large white flag. Afterwards he came to the chambers of two concubines of the Tyrant, both of whom had committed suicide. King Wu shot three more arrows at them, hit them with a sword, beheaded them with a black axe, and hung their heads on the small white flag. King Wu then went out back to his army.

帝纣闻武王来，亦发兵七十万人距武王。武王使师尚父与百夫致师，以大卒驰帝纣师。纣师虽众，皆无战之心，心欲武王亟入。纣师皆倒兵以战，以开武王。武王驰之，纣兵皆崩畔纣。纣走，反入登于鹿台之上，蒙衣其珠玉，自燔于火而死。武王持大白旗以麾诸侯，诸侯毕拜武王，武王乃揖诸侯，诸侯毕从。武王至商国，商国百姓咸待于郊。于是武王使群臣告语商百姓曰：“上天降休！”商人皆再拜稽首，武王亦答拜。遂入，至纣死所。武王自射之，三发而后下车，以轻剑击之，以黄钺斩纣头，县大白之旗。已而至纣之嬖妾二女，二女皆经自杀。武王又射三发，击以剑，斩以玄钺，县其头小白之旗。武王已乃出复军。

65 Muye

A4.15

On the morning of the Jiazi day of February, King Wu arrived at the outskirts of Shang and swore an oath to his troops. He held a yellow axe in his left hand and a white flag ornamented with ox tail in his right hand, and used them to command. King Wu said, "You have worked hard on the journey, my soldiers from the west!" King Wu continued, "Ah! My friendly monarchs, Situ the Minister of Education, Sima the Minister of War, Sikong the Minister of Works, and other Ministers, and the Chief of Thousands, the Chief of Hundreds, as well as the Yong people, the Shu people, the Qiang people, the Mao people, the Wei people, the Lu people, the Peng people, and the Pu people, please raise your halberds, line up your shields, and hold up your spears. And let us swear an oath together." King Wu said, "The ancients often said, 'A hen does not crow at the dawn. A hen’s dawn leads to a family ruined.' Now Zhou the Tyrant only listens to whatever his concubine says, he has given up the sacrifices to his ancestors and no longer cares about them. He has abandoned the affairs of state and does not employ his brothers. Instead, he has summoned criminals and fugitives from all countries, and he respects them, values ​​them, trusts them, employs them, and indulges them. He was rampant among the people, and as a result, the politics of the Shang was controlled by treacherous and cunning people. Today, I will respectfully carry out the punishment from heaven. Today we go to attack Zhou the Tyrant. Every six or seven steps forward, we must stop and reorganize the team. Try hard, soldiers! Each stab must not exceed four, five, six, or seven times. You must stop and reorganize the team. Try hard, soldiers! I hope everyone will be brave and powerful, just like tigers, bears, jackals, and chi. We will be fighting in the suburbs of Shang, and don't attack those who come to surrender, have them obey the orders of us who come from the west. Try hard, soldiers! If any of you don't, the punishment of death will be waiting for you. " After the oath, the princes' army that came to meet had 4,000 chariots and all lined up together in Muye.

二月甲子昧爽，武王朝至于商郊牧野，乃誓。武王左杖黄钺，右秉白旄，以麾。曰：“远矣西土之人！”武王曰：“嗟！我有国冢君，司徒、司马、司空，亚旅、师氏，千夫长、百夫长，及庸、蜀、羌、髳、微、纑、彭、濮人，称尔戈，比尔干，立尔矛，予其誓。”王曰：“古人有言‘牝鸡无晨。牝鸡之晨，惟家之索’。今殷王纣维妇人言是用，自弃其先祖肆祀不答，昏弃其家国，遗其王父母弟不用，乃维四方之多罪逋逃是崇是长，是信是使，俾暴虐于百姓，以奸轨于商国。今予发维共行天之罚。今日之事，不过六步七步，乃止齐焉，夫子勉哉！不过于四伐五伐六伐七伐，乃止齐焉，勉哉夫子！尚桓桓，如虎如罴，如豺如离，于商郊，不御克奔，以役西土，勉哉夫子！尔所不勉，其于尔身有戮。”誓已，诸侯兵会者车四千乘，陈师牧野。