103 Qin as the Vassal State

A5.7 

Duke Zhuang, or Zhuang Gong, lived in the land of his ancestors, West Quanqiu, and had three sons. The eldest son was Shifu. Shifu said: "The Western Rong killed my grandfather Qin Zhong. If I don't get rid of the king of Western Rong, I will never dare to enter this city again." So he led his army to attack the Western Rong and relieved his heir position to his younger brother, Duke Xiang, or Xiang Gong. Therefore, Duke Xiang became the crown prince. Duke Zhuang died in the fourth year of his reign, and Prince Xiang ascended the throne. In the first year of his reign (777 BC), Duke Xiang arranged the marriage between his sister Miao Ying and King Feng. In his second year, the Western Rong besieged Quanqiu. Shifu led his army to fight back, but was captured by the Western Rong. More than a year later, Western Rong returned Shifu. In the spring of the seventh year, after favored Bao Si, King You of Zhou deposed the prince, changed Bao Si's son as the crown prince, and teased the princes many times, so the princes rebelled. The families of West and Quan Rong joined hands with Marquis Shen to attack Zhou and killed King You of Zhou at the foot of Li Mountain. Duke Xiang of Qin led his army to rescue Zhou. He fought bravely and achieved great military success. Later, in order to avoid the invasion of Rong, King Ping of Zhou moved the capital east to Luoyi, and Duke Xiang of Qin sent troops to escort King Ping of Zhou. King Ping of Zhou made Duke Xiang of Qin a prince and gave him the land west of Qi Mountain. King Ping of Zhou said: "The Rongs have been rampant and have invaded our lands in Qi and Feng. If Qin can defeat and drive out the Rongs, then Qin can have the lands." So King Ping of Zhou publicly made a vow with Duke Xiang of Qin to grant him a title and territory. From that time on, Duke Xiang of Qin established Qin as one of the vassal states, exchanged envoys with other vassal states, and presented tributes to each other. Then, three red-maned horses, three yellow cattle, and three white rams were used to sacrifice, to to worship at Xizhi (temple for West Emperor of Heaven). In the twelfth year (766 BC), Duke Xiang of Qin went to attack the Western Rong. When he arrived at Mount Qi, he unfortunately died. And Duke Xiang gave birth to Duke Wen.

庄公居其故西犬丘，生子三人，其长男世父。世父曰：“戎杀我大父仲，我非杀戎王则不敢入邑。”遂将击戎，让其弟襄公。襄公为太子。庄公立四十四年，卒，太子襄公代立。襄公元年，以女弟缪嬴为丰王妻。襄公二年，戎围犬丘，世父击之，为戎人所虏。岁余，复归世父。七年春，周幽王用襃姒废太子，立襃姒子为適，数欺诸侯，诸侯叛之。西戎犬戎与申侯伐周，杀幽王郦山下。而秦襄公将兵救周，战甚力，有功。周避犬戎难，东徙雒邑，襄公以兵送周平王。平王封襄公为诸侯，赐之岐以西之地。曰：“戎无道，侵夺我岐、丰之地，秦能攻逐戎，即有其地。”与誓，封爵之。襄公于是始国，与诸侯通使聘享之礼，乃用骝驹、黄牛、羝羊各三，祠上帝西畤。十二年，伐戎而至岐，卒。生文公。