In April, the Second Emperor returned to Xianyang and said, "The late emperor thought the palace in Xianyang was too small, so he built the Afang Palace. The late emperor passed away before the palace was completed, so construction had to be stopped and all the craftsmen and slaves were transferred to Mount Li to build the mausoleum. Now that the construction of Mount Li has been completed, if we do not continue to build the Afang Palace, it would be against the will of the late emperor." So he ordered to continue the construction of Afang Palace. The Second Emperor ordered to pacify the barbarians in all directions and implement the strategy of the First Emperor. He also recruited 50,000 soldiers to garrison in Xianyang and taught them horseback riding and archery. With dogs, horses and livestock, a lot of food was consumed every day. It was estimated that the storage was not enough, so he ordered the transportation of food for people and fodder for livestock from the counties. And those responsible for transportation needed to bring their own supplies , and the people within 300 miles of Xianyang could not eat the transported grain. The laws implemented by the Second Emperor were even more stringent.
In July, Chen Sheng (also Chen She) and other soldiers guarding the border rebelled in the former land of Chu as "Zhang Chu". Chen Sheng proclaimed himself the King of Chu, lived in Chen County, and sent his generals to conquer land. Young men in the counties and prefectures of Shangdong areas suffered greatly from the oppression of Qin officials, so they rose up in rebellion and killed the local county officials in response to Chen Sheng. They also established themselves as Princes and marched westward together, under the banner of attacking Qin. The number of people who rebelled was countless. An envoy returned from a mission to the East and told the Second Emperor about the rebellion. The Second Emperor was very angry and handed him over to the jailer for punishment. After that, the messengers returned and the Second Emperor asked about the situation, they all replied, "Those people are just a group of thieves. The local county officials have sent people to hunt them down one by one. Now they have all been captured. It is not worth your Majesty's worry." The Second Emperor was very happy to hear this. In the same time, Wu Chen proclaimed himself King of Zhao, Wei Ju proclaimed himself King of Wei, Tian Dan proclaimed himself King of Qi. Pei Gong raised his army in Pei County. Xiang Liang raised his army in Kuaiji.
四月，二世还至咸阳，曰：“先帝为咸阳朝廷小，故营阿房宫。为室堂未就，会上崩，罢其作者，复土郦山。郦山事大毕，今释阿房宫弗就，则是章先帝举事过也。”复作阿房宫。外抚四夷，如始皇计。尽徵其材士五万人为屯卫咸阳，令教射狗马禽兽。当食者多，度不足，下调郡县转输菽粟刍藁，皆令自赍粮食，咸阳三百里内不得食其谷。用法益刻深。
七月，戍卒陈胜等反故荆地，为“张楚”。胜自立为楚王，居陈，遣诸将徇地。山东郡县少年苦秦吏，皆杀其守尉令丞反，以应陈涉，相立为侯王，合从西乡，名为伐秦，不可胜数也。谒者使东方来，以反者闻二世。二世怒，下吏。后使者至，上问，对曰：“群盗，郡守尉方逐捕，今尽得，不足忧。”上悦。武臣自立为赵王，魏咎为魏王，田儋为齐王。沛公起沛。项梁举兵会稽郡。
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