Emperor Xiaowen was the middle son of Emperor Gaozu. In the spring of Emperor Gaozu's eleventh year, he had defeated Chen Xi's army, conquered Dai, and established himself as the King of Dai, with his capital in Zhongdu. He was the son of Empress Dowager Bo. In the seventeenth year of his reign, in the seventh month of the eighth year of Empress Dowager Gao, Empress Dowager Gao died. In the ninth month, the Lü clan, including Lü Chan, wanted to cause chaos and endanger the Liu clan. The ministers killed them and planned to summon and establish the King of Dai, which was detailed in the volume of Empress Dowager Lü.
The Prime Minister Chen Ping, the Grand Marshal (Grand Commandant) Zhou Bo, and others sent an envoy to welcome the King of Dai. The King of Dai consulted Zhang Wu, the court attendant chiefs and others, and Zhang Wu said, "The ministers of Han are all former generals of Emperor Gao, who are skilled in military affairs and full of deceit. Their intentions are not limited to this. They are just afraid of the power of Emperor Gao and Empress Dowager Lü. Now that the Lü clan has been exterminated and blood has just been shed in the capital, it is not credible to just welcome the king in the name of welcoming. I hope the king will claim illness and not go, just wait and see what happens." Lieutenant Song Changjin said, "The opinions of the ministers are all wrong. When Qin lost its power, the princes and the powerful rose up. Everyone thought that they had won the throne, and the Liu family was the one who finally took the throne. The world was hopeless. This is the reason one . Emperor Gao granted titles to his sons and brothers, and the land was controlled by each other. This is the so-called solid foundation. The world was submissive to its strength. That’s two. When Han was founded, it abolished Qin's harsh policies, made laws, and implemented Virtue and benevolence, everyone is at peace, and it is difficult to shake. This is the third. With the severity of Empress Dowager Lü, she established the Lü clan as the three kings, and abused power and dictated the law. However, the Grand Marshal entered the northern army with one official seal, and once he called on the soldiers, they all bared their left arms and sided with the Liu clan, rising against the Lü clan, and finally destroyed them. This is a gift from heaven, not human power. Now, although the ministers want to make changes, the people will not help them. How can their party be united? At present, there are relatives of Zhuxu and Dongmu in the country, and they are afraid of the strength of Wu, Chu, Huainan, Langya, Qi, and Dai over the country outside. At present, the only sons of Emperor Gao are the King of Huainan and the King majesty yourself. Your Majesty he is also the elder, wise, benevolent and filial, and which is well known to the world. Therefore, the ministers want to welcome and establish the king because of the will of the people. The king should not doubt it. "The king of Dai reported to the queen mother, and it was still undecided. He used the tortoise shell to divine, and the hexagram showed a big horizontal. The divination said: "Big horizontal big change, I am the Heavenly King, Xia ignited (Qi) it with light." The King of Dai said: "I am already the king, what king am I?" The soothsayer said: "The so-called Heavenly King is the Son of Heaven." So the King of Dai sent the Queen Mother's brother Bo Zhao to meet Marquis Jiang, Marquis Jiang and others told Zhao the reason why they welcomed the king. Bo Zhao reported back: "It is true, there is no doubt." The King of Dai smiled and said to Song Chang: "It is just as you said." He ordered Song Chang to be in charge of the carriage, and Zhang Wu and six others took the carriage together to Chang'an. They stopped at Gaoling first, and Song Chang was sent to Chang'an to observe the changes.
司马迁·史记卷十·孝文本纪第十
孝文皇帝，高祖中子也。高祖十一年春，已破陈狶军，定代地，立为代王，都中都。太后薄氏子。即位十七年，高后八年七月，高后崩。九月，诸吕吕产等欲为乱，以危刘氏，大臣共诛之，谋召立代王，事在吕后语中。
丞相陈平、太尉周勃等使人迎代王。代王问左右郎中令张武等。张武等议曰：“汉大臣皆故高帝时大将，习兵，多谋诈，此其属意非止此也，特畏高帝、吕太后威耳。今已诛诸吕，新喋血京师，此以迎大王为名，实不可信。愿大王称疾毋往，以观其变。”中尉宋昌进曰：“群臣之议皆非也。夫秦失其政，诸侯豪桀并起，人人自以为得之者以万数，然卒践天子之位者，刘氏也，天下绝望，一矣。高帝封王子弟，地犬牙相制，此所谓盘石之宗也，天下服其强，二矣。汉兴，除秦苛政，约法令，施德惠，人人自安，难动摇，三矣。夫以吕太后之严，立诸吕为三王，擅权专制，然而太尉以一节入北军，一呼士皆左袒，为刘氏，叛诸吕，卒以灭之。此乃天授，非人力也。今大臣虽欲为变，百姓弗为使，其党宁能专一邪？方今内有朱虚、东牟之亲，外畏吴、楚、淮南、琅邪、齐、代之强。方今高帝子独淮南王与大王，大王又长，贤圣仁孝，闻于天下，故大臣因天下之心而欲迎立大王，大王勿疑也。”代王报太后计之，犹与未定。卜之龟，卦兆得大横。占曰：“大横庚庚，余为天王，夏启以光。”代王曰：“寡人固已为王矣，又何王？”卜人曰：“所谓天王者乃天子。”于是代王乃遣太后弟薄昭往见绛侯，绛侯等具为昭言所以迎立王意。薄昭还报曰：“信矣，毋可疑者。”代王乃笑谓宋昌曰：“果如公言。”乃命宋昌参乘，张武等六人乘传诣长安。至高陵休止，而使宋昌先驰之长安观变。
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