110 Three Hundred Men

A5.23|24|25 

In the twelfth year of Duke Mu of Qin (648 BC), Guan Zhong and Xi Peng of Qi died. 

Jin was struck by drought, people came to Qin for food aid. Pi Bao advised Duke Mu not to aid, but instead to take advantage of the famine to attack the state of Jin. Duke Mu asked Gongsun Zhi, who replied, "Years of famine and harvests are just in the cycle, so we cannot deny them food." Duke Mu then asked Baili Xi, who answered, "Yiwu offended you, but what crime have Jin people committed?" Therefore Duke Mu adopted their advice and gave Jin grains, transported either by boats or vehicles, continuously from Yong to Jian. 

In the fourteenth year, Qin suffered from famine and asked Jin for food aid. The King of Jin discussed the matter with his ministers. Guo She said: "We should take advantage of the famine in Qin and attack, and we will surely have big success." The King of Jin followed his advice. In the 15th year, the State of Jin sent troops to attack the State of Qin. Duke Mu gathered troops and let Pi Bao lead the army to fight in person. On the Renxu day of the ninth month, the Qin army fought against the Jin army led by Yiwu the Duke Hui in Han. The King of Jin broke away from his army and came alone to fight the Qin army. On his way back, his horse got stuck in the mud. Duke Mu and his men chased on fast horses but failed to capture the King of Jin and were instead surrounded by the Jin army. Duke Mu was attacked by the Jin army and injured. At this moment, there were three hundred men rushed over, who had stolen Duke Mu's horse as food at the foot of Mount Qi. Regardless of the danger, they broke through the encirclement of the Jin army, rescued Duke Mu, and surprisingly caught the King of Jin alive. Sometime before, Duke Mu lost a good horse, which was caught and eaten by more than 300 villagers from Mount Qi. The officials arrested them and prepared to execute them according to law. Duke Mu said: "A gentleman will not harm people for the sake of the livestock. I have heard that eating horse meat without wine drinking will harm your body." So he gave them wine to drink and pardoned them. Now, these three hundred people heard that the Qin was attacked by Jin, they all requested to join the Qin army. Therefore, when they saw that Duke Mu was in trouble, they took up weapons and risked their lives to save him, in order to repay the kindness of being pardoned for stealing and eating the horse. After Duke Mu captured the King of Jin and returned, he issued an order to the whole nation: "I will fast and prepare to sacrifice the King of Jin to the Emperor of Heaven." When the King of Zhou the Son of Heaven heard this, he said, "The King of Jin and I have the same surname." He so requested that the King of Jin be exonerated. When Yiwu's sister, Duke Mu's wife, heard the news, she put on mourning clothes, went barefoot to Duke Mu, and said, "I can't even save my own brother, I am such a shame to my royal husband?" Duke Mu said, "I captured the King of Jin, which I thought was a great achievement, but now the King of Zhou the Son of Heaven is begging for mercy for him, and my wife is also sad for him." He then made an alliance with the King of Jin, which promised him to go back home, allowed him to stay in the most luxurious guest room, and enjoy the top-level food service with seven trios of livestock. In November, Qin sent the King of Jin back to his country. Yiwu offered the land of Hexi and sent Crown Prince Yu to Qin as a hostage.The Qin State married a girl from the royal family of Qin to the crown prince Yu of Jin. At that time, Qin's territory had expanded eastward to the Yellow River. 

十二年，齐管仲、隰朋死。

晋旱，来请粟。丕豹说缪公勿与，因其饥而伐之。缪公问公孙支，支曰：“饥穰更事耳，不可不与。”问百里傒，傒曰：“夷吾得罪于君，其百姓何罪？”于是用百里傒、公孙支言，卒与之粟。以船漕车转，自雍相望至绛。

十四年，秦饥，请粟于晋。晋君谋之群臣。虢射曰：“因其饥伐之，可有大功。”晋君从之。十五年，兴兵将攻秦。缪公发兵，使丕豹将，自往击之。九月壬戌，与晋惠公夷吾合战于韩地。晋君弃其军，与秦争利，还而马騺。缪公与麾下驰追之，不能得晋君，反为晋军所围。晋击缪公，缪公伤。于是岐下食善马者三百人驰冒晋军，晋军解围，遂脱缪公而反生得晋君。初，缪公亡善马，岐下野人共得而食之者三百余人，吏逐得，欲法之。缪公曰：“君子不以畜产害人。吾闻食善马肉不饮酒，伤人。”乃皆赐酒而赦之。三百人者闻秦击晋，皆求从，从而见缪公窘，亦皆推锋争死，以报食马之德。于是缪公虏晋君以归，令于国，齐宿，吾将以晋君祠上帝。周天子闻之，曰“晋我同姓”，为请晋君。夷吾姊亦为缪公夫人，夫人闻之，乃衰绖跣，曰：“妾兄弟不能相救，以辱君命。”缪公曰：“我得晋君以为功，今天子为请，夫人是忧。”乃与晋君盟，许归之，更舍上舍，而馈之七牢。十一月，归晋君夷吾，夷吾献其河西地，使太子圉为质于秦。秦妻子圉以宗女。是时秦地东至河。

109 Li Ke, Yiwu and Chong’er

A5.20|21|22

In autumn, Duke Mu of Qin personally led his army to attack Jin State and fought with the Jin army in Hequ. Li Ji of Jin rebelled, Crown Prince Shensheng of Jin was killed in Xincheng, and Chong'er and Yiwu fled.

In the ninth year (651 BC), Duke Huan of Qi convened a meeting of the princes at Kuiqiu. 

Duke Xian of Jin died. He established Li Ji's son Xi Qi as the heir apparent, but his minister Li Ke killed Xi Qi. Xun Xi made Zhuozi the king of Jin, and Li Ke killed Zhuozi and Xun Xi. Yiwu sent people to ask the Qin State for help, hoping that the Qin State could help him return to the Jin State Palace. So Duke Mu of Qin agreed to his request and let Baili Xi lead the army to escort Yiwu. Yiwu said to Qin: "If I become the king of Jin, I am willing to cede eight towns of Hexi the areas west of the Yellow River in Jin to Qin." After Yiwu returned to his country, he became the king of Jin State, but he sent Pi Zheng to reject the Qin Dynasty, broke the agreement, refused to hand over the eight towns of Hexi, and killed Li Ke. When Pi Zheng heard this, he was frightened and conspired with Duke Mu of Qin: "The people of Jin actually do not want to support Yiwu, but want to make Chong'er the king. Now Yiwu has broken his agreement with the Qin State and killed Li Ke. This was all the idea of Lu Sheng and Xie Rui. I hope you can use money and property to summon Lu Sheng and Xie Rui to Qin as soon as possible. Once Lu Sheng and Xie Rui arrive in Qin, Chong'er can return to Jin smoothly." Duke Mu agreed and sent someone to accompany Pi Zheng back to Jin to recruit Lü Sheng and Xie Rui. Lu Sheng, Xie Rui and others suspected that Pi Zheng had a conspiracy, so they suggested that Yiwu get rid of him. Pi Zheng's son Pi Bao fled to Qin and advised Duke Mu: "The King of Jin is incompetent and the people are not close to him. Now is the right time to send troops to attack Jin." Duke Mu said: "If the people of Jin did not support Yiwu, then why did he kill the minister Li Ke? Being able to kill the ministers of Jin shows that he can unite the people. " Duke Mu of Qin did not follow his advice, but instead secretly promoted Pi Bao.

秋，缪公自将伐晋，战于河曲。晋骊姬作乱，太子申生死新城，重耳、夷吾出奔。

九年，齐桓公会诸侯于葵丘。

晋献公卒。立骊姬子奚齐，其臣里克杀奚齐。荀息立卓子，克又杀卓子及荀息。夷吾使人请秦，求入晋。于是缪公许之，使百里傒将兵送夷吾。夷吾谓曰：“诚得立，请割晋之河西八城与秦。”及至，已立，而使丕郑谢秦，背约不与河西城，而杀里克。丕郑闻之，恐，因与缪公谋曰：“晋人不欲夷吾，实欲重耳。今背秦约而杀里克，皆吕甥、郤芮之计也。愿君以利急召吕、郤，吕、郤至，则更入重耳便。”缪公许之，使人与丕郑归，召吕、郤。吕、郤等疑丕郑有间，乃言夷吾杀丕郑。丕郑子丕豹奔秦，说缪公曰：“晋君无道，百姓不亲，可伐也。”缪公曰：“百姓苟不便，何故能诛其大臣？能诛其大臣，此其调也。”不听，而阴用豹。

108 Baili Xi

A5.19 

In the fifth year (655 BC), Duke Xian of Jin destroyed Yu and Guo two states, and captured Lord Yu and his senior official Baili Xi. The Jin State had bribed Lord Yu with jade and fine horses, this is the result. Baili Xi was captured, and the Jin State sent him to the Qin State as a slave of the bribe of Duke Mu of Qin. Baili Xi fled from Qin to Wan and was captured by soldiers guarding the border of Chu. Duke Mu heard that Baili Xi was a virtuous and talented man, and wanted to redeem him with a large sum of money, but he was afraid that the people of Chu would not agree, so he sent someone to say to the people of Chu: "Is my wife’s slave Baili Xi at your place? Please let him be redeemed with five sheepskins." The people of Chu agreed to hand over Baili Xi to Qin. At this time, Baili Xi was already in his seventies. Duke Mu released him and discussed with him the issue of governing the country. Baili Xi declined and said, "I am a minister whose country has been destroyed. What is there to discuss?" Duke Mu said, "Lord Yu did not use you, so his country was destroyed. This is not your fault." Duke Mu insisted on asking him for advice, their discussion went on for three days. Duke Mu was very happy and handed over the state affairs to him, Baili Xi then was known as Minister Wugu the Five Sheepskins. Baili Xi refused with humility and said, "I am not as good as my friend Jian Shu. Jian Shu is a virtuous person but the world does not know it. When I was traveling in Qi State, I fell into a difficult situation and had to beg for food in Qi. It was Jian Shu who took me in.” Therefore, I wanted to serve King Wuzhi of Qi, but Jian Shu stopped me, so I avoided the chaos in Qi and came to the Zhou Dynasty. Prince Tui of Zhou liked cattle, so I tried to see him by raising cattle. When Prince Tui wanted to employ me, Jian Shu stopped me again, and I was able to leave and avoid being killed. So I prepared to serve Lord Yu, but it was still Jian Shu who stopped me. I knew clearly that Lord Yu would not use me, but I yearned for fame and fortune, so I decided to stay for the time being. I followed his advice twice and was able to save my own life. And once I didn’t do it, I fell into the disaster that Lord Yu’s country being destroyed. This shows how wise he is.” So Duke Mu sent someone to invite Jian Shu with a large sum of money and appointed him as a senior official.

五年，晋献公灭虞、虢，虏虞君与其大夫百里傒，以璧马赂于虞故也。既虏百里傒，以为秦缪公夫人媵于秦。百里傒亡秦走宛，楚鄙人执之。缪公闻百里傒贤，欲重赎之，恐楚人不与，乃使人谓楚曰：“吾媵臣百里傒在焉，请以五羖羊皮赎之。”。楚人遂许与之。当是时，百里傒年已七十余。缪公释其囚，与语国事。谢曰：“臣亡国之臣，何足问！”缪公曰：“虞君不用子，故亡，非子罪也。”固问，语三日，缪公大说，授之国政，号曰五羖大夫。百里傒让曰：“臣不及臣友蹇叔，蹇叔贤而世莫知。臣常游困于齐而乞食饣至人，蹇叔收臣。臣因而欲事齐君无知，蹇叔止臣，臣得脱齐难，遂之周。周王子穨好牛，臣以养牛干之。及穨欲用臣，蹇叔止臣，臣去，得不诛。事虞君，蹇叔止臣。臣知虞君不用臣，臣诚私利禄爵，且留。再用其言，得脱，一不用，及虞君难：是以知其贤。”于是缪公使人厚币迎蹇叔，以为上大夫。

107 Dukes De, Xuan, Cheng, Mu

A5.14|15|16|17|18

In his first year (677 BC), Duke De of Qin began to live in Dazheng Palace in Yong. One hundred trios of livestock were used in the sacrifices for the Fuzhi temple. Yong would be the place to live by divination. And the future generations would have their horses drink by the Yellow River. Uncle Liang and Uncle Rui came to his court. In the second year (676 BC), at the beginning of the Fu days (summer heat waves), dogs were sacrificed to drive away the poisonous insects. Duke De was established as king when he was thirty-three years old, and he died in his second year on the throne. He had three sons: the eldest son was Duke Xuan, the second son was Duke Cheng, and the youngest son was Duke Mu. The eldest son Duke Xuan was established as the king.

In the first year of Duke Xuan (675 BC), Wei and Yan joined forces attacking the Zhou Dynasty, expelled King Hui of Zhou, and Prince Tui was put on the throne. In the third year (673 BC), Zheng Bo and Guo Shu killed Prince Tui and welcomed King Hui back into the Zhou capital. In the fourth year (672 BC), the Qin State built Mizhi, the Temple for Eastern Emperor. The Qin army and the Jin army fought in Heyang, and Jin was defeated. In the twelfth year (664 BC), Duke Xuan died. Duke Xuan had nine sons, but none of them was made a king. His younger brother Duke Cheng succeeded the throne.

In the first year of Duke Cheng, Liang Bo and Rui Bo came to the court. Duke Huan of Qi attacked Shan Rong first, then Guzhu.

In his fourth year, Duke Cheng died. He has seven sons, but none of them got the throne, his younger brother Duke Mu was made the king. 

In the first year as Duke Mu (659 BC), he personally led the army to attack Maojin and achieved victory. In the fourth year (656 BC), he went to Jin to marry his wife, who was the elder sister of Prince Shen Sheng of Jin. In this year, Duke Huan of Qi attacked Chu and reached Shaoling.

德公元年，初居雍城大郑宫。以牺三百牢祠鄜畤。卜居雍。后子孙饮马于河。梁伯、芮伯来朝。二年，初伏，以狗御蛊。德公生三十三岁而立，立二年卒。生子三人：长子宣公，中子成公，少子穆公。长子宣公立。

宣公元年，卫、燕伐周，出惠王，立王子穨。三年，郑伯、虢叔杀子穨而入惠王。四年，作密畤。与晋战河阳，胜之。十二年，宣公卒。生子九人，莫立，立其弟成公。

成公元年，梁伯、芮伯来朝。齐桓公伐山戎，次于孤竹。

成公立四年卒。子七人，莫立，立其弟缪公。

缪公任好元年，自将伐茅津，胜之。四年，迎妇于晋，晋太子申生姊也。其岁，齐桓公伐楚，至邵陵。

106 Duke Wu of Qin

A5.10|11|12|13 

In the first year of Duke Wu of Qin (697 BC), the Qin army attacked the Peng Xi family at the foot of Mountain Huashan. Duke Wu of Qin lived in Pingyang and sealed the palace. In the third year (before 695), Duke Wu of Qin exterminated Sanfu and others, and also killed their three clans because they had killed Chuzi. Gao Qumi of Zheng killed his king Duke Zhao of Zheng. In the tenth year (688 BC), the Qin army attacked the Rong people in Gui, Hebei and other places and began to establish counties. In the eleventh year (687 BC), the State of Qin began to establish counties in Du and Zheng. The Qin army destroyed Xiaoguo. In the thirteenth year (685 BC), Guan Zhifu, Lian Cheng and other people of Qi killed their monarch Duke Xiang of Qi and replaced him with Gongsun Wuzhi.. The Jin State destroyed the three fiefdoms of Huo, Wei, and Geng. Yonglin of Qi killed Gongsun Wuzhi, Guan Zhifu, and others, and established Duke Huan of Qi as the new monarch. Qi and Jin became powerful states. In the 19th year (679 BC), Quwo of Jin State became Marquis of Jin. And Duke Huan of Qi became an overlord in Juan. In the twentieth year (678 BC), Duke Wu died and was buried at Pingyang in Yong. The Qin State began to bury living people as sacrifice, and sixty-six people were buried. Duke Wu had a son named Bai. Bai did not succeed to the throne and was conferred in Pingyang. Duke Wu's younger brother Duke De of Qin was made king.

武公元年，伐彭戏氏，至于华山下，居平阳封宫。三年，诛三父等而夷三族，以其杀出子也。郑高渠眯杀其君昭公。十年，伐邽、冀戎，初县之。十一年，初县杜、郑。灭小虢。

十三年，齐人管至父、连称等杀其君襄公而立公孙无知。晋灭霍、魏、耿。齐雍廪杀无知、管至父等而立齐桓公。齐、晋为强国。

十九年，晋曲沃始为晋侯。齐桓公伯于鄄。

二十年，武公卒，葬雍平阳。初以人从死，从死者六十六人。有子一人，名曰白，白不立，封平阳。立其弟德公。

105 Duke Xian and His Sons

A5.9 

In the second year of his reign (714 BC), Duke Xian moved the capital to Pingyang. He sent troops to conquer Dangshe. In the third year (713 BC), Duke Xian fought with the Bo people, and the Bo king fled to the Rong, so the Qin army destroyed Dangshe. In the fourth year (712 BC), Prince Hui of Lu killed Lord of Lu, Duke Yin. In the twelfth year (704 BC), Qin conquered Dangshi and took it. Duke Xian was made king at the age of ten, died after twelve years in office, and was buried in Xishan. He had three sons, the eldest son Duke Wu of Qin was the crown prince. Duke Wu of Qin and his younger brother Duke De of Qin were both sons of Lu Ji. And Wang Ji gave birth to Chuzi. After Duke Xian died, the great minister Fu Ji, Wei Lei, and Sanfu deposed the crown prince and made Chuzi the king. In the sixth year of Chuzi (698 BC), Sanfu and others sent people to kill Chuzi. Chuzi was made king at the age of five and died after six years as king. Sanfu and others then re-enthroned the former crown prince Duke Wu of Qin as king. 

宪公二年，公徙居平阳。遣兵伐荡社。三年，与亳战，亳王奔戎，遂灭荡社。四年，鲁公子翚弑其君隐公。十二年，伐荡氏，取之。宪公生十岁立，立十二年卒，葬西山。生子三人，长男武公为太子。武公弟德公，同母鲁姬子。生出子。宪公卒，大庶长弗忌、威垒、三父废太子而立出子为君。出子六年，三父等复共令人贼杀出子。出子生五岁立，立六年卒。三父等乃复立故太子武公。

104 Duke Wen of Qin

A5.8 

In the first year of his reign (765 BC), Duke Wen of Qin lived in the Xichui Palace. In the third year, Duke Wen led 700 soldiers to hunt in the east. In the fourth year, Duke Wen arrived at the confluence of the Yishui and Weishui Rivers. Duke Wen said, "This is where the Zhou Dynasty gave land to my ancestor Qin Ying in the past, and later we became princes." Therefore, the divination was made whether that place was suitable for living or not. The divination result exhibited good luck, and Duke Wen established a town there. In the tenth year, when the construction of Fuzhi (temple for white emperor of heaven) began,  and three kinds of livestock, cattle, sheep, and pigs, were used for sacrifices. In the thirteenth year, historians began to be set up to record national events, and most of the people started accepting education. In the 16th year, Duke Wen led an army to fight against Western Rong, and Western Rong was defeated and fled. Therefore, Duke Wen took in the local Zhou people and put them under his own jurisdiction. He expanded the territory of the Qin to Qishan, and dedicated the land east of Qishan to the Zhou. In the 19th year, Duke Wen obtained a precious rock named Chenbao. In the twentieth year, the criminal law of exterminating three generations of a clan was established. In the twenty-seventh year, a large catalpa tree was cut down in the South Mountain, and a huge bull came out of the Fengshui River was slaughtered. In the 48th year (718 BC), Duke Wen's crown prince died and was given the posthumous title of Duke Jing. Duke Jing's eldest son was made crown prince, who was Duke Wen's grandson. In the 50th year (716 BC), Duke Wen died and was buried in the Western Hills. Duke Jing's son succeeded him, and he was Duke Xian. (Shiji mistook it as Ning)

文公元年，居西垂宫。三年，文公以兵七百人东猎。四年，至汧渭之会。曰：“昔周邑我先秦嬴于此，后卒获为诸侯。”乃卜居之，占曰吉，即营邑之。十年，初为鄜畤，用三牢。十三年，初有史以纪事，民多化者。十六年，文公以兵伐戎，戎败走。于是文公遂收周余民有之，地至岐，岐以东献之周。十九年，得陈宝。二十年，法初有三族之罪。二十七年，伐南山大梓，丰大特。四十八年，文公太子卒，赐谥为竫公。竫公之长子为太子，是文公孙也。五十年，文公卒，葬西山。竫公子立，是为宪公。(译注：史记误为宁公）

103 Qin as the Vassal State

A5.7 

Duke Zhuang, or Zhuang Gong, lived in the land of his ancestors, West Quanqiu, and had three sons. The eldest son was Shifu. Shifu said: "The Western Rong killed my grandfather Qin Zhong. If I don't get rid of the king of Western Rong, I will never dare to enter this city again." So he led his army to attack the Western Rong and relieved his heir position to his younger brother, Duke Xiang, or Xiang Gong. Therefore, Duke Xiang became the crown prince. Duke Zhuang died in the fourth year of his reign, and Prince Xiang ascended the throne. In the first year of his reign (777 BC), Duke Xiang arranged the marriage between his sister Miao Ying and King Feng. In his second year, the Western Rong besieged Quanqiu. Shifu led his army to fight back, but was captured by the Western Rong. More than a year later, Western Rong returned Shifu. In the spring of the seventh year, after favored Bao Si, King You of Zhou deposed the prince, changed Bao Si's son as the crown prince, and teased the princes many times, so the princes rebelled. The families of West and Quan Rong joined hands with Marquis Shen to attack Zhou and killed King You of Zhou at the foot of Li Mountain. Duke Xiang of Qin led his army to rescue Zhou. He fought bravely and achieved great military success. Later, in order to avoid the invasion of Rong, King Ping of Zhou moved the capital east to Luoyi, and Duke Xiang of Qin sent troops to escort King Ping of Zhou. King Ping of Zhou made Duke Xiang of Qin a prince and gave him the land west of Qi Mountain. King Ping of Zhou said: "The Rongs have been rampant and have invaded our lands in Qi and Feng. If Qin can defeat and drive out the Rongs, then Qin can have the lands." So King Ping of Zhou publicly made a vow with Duke Xiang of Qin to grant him a title and territory. From that time on, Duke Xiang of Qin established Qin as one of the vassal states, exchanged envoys with other vassal states, and presented tributes to each other. Then, three red-maned horses, three yellow cattle, and three white rams were used to sacrifice, to to worship at Xizhi (temple for West Emperor of Heaven). In the twelfth year (766 BC), Duke Xiang of Qin went to attack the Western Rong. When he arrived at Mount Qi, he unfortunately died. And Duke Xiang gave birth to Duke Wen.

庄公居其故西犬丘，生子三人，其长男世父。世父曰：“戎杀我大父仲，我非杀戎王则不敢入邑。”遂将击戎，让其弟襄公。襄公为太子。庄公立四十四年，卒，太子襄公代立。襄公元年，以女弟缪嬴为丰王妻。襄公二年，戎围犬丘，世父击之，为戎人所虏。岁余，复归世父。七年春，周幽王用襃姒废太子，立襃姒子为適，数欺诸侯，诸侯叛之。西戎犬戎与申侯伐周，杀幽王郦山下。而秦襄公将兵救周，战甚力，有功。周避犬戎难，东徙雒邑，襄公以兵送周平王。平王封襄公为诸侯，赐之岐以西之地。曰：“戎无道，侵夺我岐、丰之地，秦能攻逐戎，即有其地。”与誓，封爵之。襄公于是始国，与诸侯通使聘享之礼，乃用骝驹、黄牛、羝羊各三，祠上帝西畤。十二年，伐戎而至岐，卒。生文公。

102 The Western Border

A5.5|6

Qin Ying gave birth to Qin Hou. Qin Hou reigned for ten years and died. He gave birth to Gong Bo. Gong Bo reigned for three years and died. He gave birth to Qin Zhong.

Three years after Qin Zhong reigned, King Li of Zhou was unjust and the princes rebelled against him. The Western Rong rebelled against the royal family and destroyed the clan of Da Luo in Quanqiu. King Xuan of Zhou ascended the throne and appointed Qin Zhong as a senior official to punish the Western Rong. The Western Rong killed Qin Zhong. Qin Zhong reigned for twenty-three years and died in the Rong. He had five sons, the eldest of whom was called Zhuang Gong. King Xuan of Zhou summoned the five brothers of Zhuang Gong and 7,000 soldiers to attack the Western Rong and defeated them. King Xuan of Zhou then again rewarded the descendants of Qin Zhong, continuing the fief of Quanqiu which was the original land of their ancestor Daluo, and appointed them as the officials of Xichui the west border.

秦嬴生秦侯。秦侯立十年，卒。生公伯。公伯立三年，卒。生秦仲。

秦仲立三年，周厉王无道，诸侯或叛之。西戎反王室，灭犬丘大骆之族。周宣王即位，乃以秦仲为大夫，诛西戎。西戎杀秦仲。秦仲立二十三年，死于戎。有子五人，其长者曰庄公。周宣王乃召庄公昆弟五人，与兵七千人，使伐西戎，破之。于是复予秦仲后，及其先大骆地犬丘并有之，为西垂大夫。

101 Daluo and Qin Ying

A5.4

Fei Zi lived in Quanqiu and loved fine horses and other livestock, and was good at breeding. The residents of Quanqiu reported this to King Xiao of Zhou, who summoned Fei Zi and made him manage the horses between the Qian and Wei rivers. The horses multiplied greatly. King Xiao of Zhou intended to make Fei Zi the successor of Daluo. The daughter of Marquis Shen married Daluo and gave birth to a legitimate son, Cheng. Marquis Shen said to King Xiao of Zhou: "In the past, my ancestor was a girl from Lishan. She married Xu Xuan, the great-grandson of Zhong Yan of the Western Rong tribe, and gave birth to Zhong Yu. Because she was close to the Zhou Dynasty, she submitted to the Zhou Dynasty and defended the western border, which brought peace and stability to the western border. Now I have married my daughter to Daluo, and she has given birth to a legitimate son, Cheng. Through a second marriage between Shen and Daluo, the Western Rong tribe will fully submit, and so you can become king. Please take it into consideration!” King Xiao of Zhou then said, “When Bai Yi was in charge of livestock for Emperor Shun, the livestock multiplied greatly, so he was rewarded with land and given the surname Ying. Now his descendants are also breeding horses for me, so I will give him land as a vassal state." King Xiao of Zhou then granted the land of Qin to Fei Zi as his fief, and put him in charge of sacrifices to the Ying clan, known as Qin Ying. So the Zhou royal family did not abolish the legitimate son of Daluo born to the daughter of Marquis Shen, in order to keep the harmony with the Western Rong.

非子居犬丘，好马及畜，善养息之。犬丘人言之周孝王，孝王召使主马于汧渭之间，马大蕃息。孝王欲以为大骆適嗣。申侯之女为大骆妻，生子成为適。申侯乃言孝王曰：“昔我先郦山之女，为戎胥轩妻，生中潏，以亲故归周，保西垂，西垂以其故和睦。今我复与大骆妻，生適子成。申骆重婚，西戎皆服，所以为王。王其图之。”于是孝王曰：“昔伯翳为舜主畜，畜多息，故有土，赐姓嬴。今其后世亦为朕息马，朕其分土为附庸。”邑之秦，使复续嬴氏祀，号曰秦嬴。亦不废申侯之女子为骆適者，以和西戎。